Nokea
The most frequent aerobic organism isolated in human bites is
- A. Pasteurella multocida
- B. Eikenella corrodens
- C. Haemophilus aphrophilus
- D. Streptococcus viridans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Human bites Strep viridans, mouth's norm, tops aerobes, not Pasteurella's dog, Eikenella's anaerobe, or rare Haemophilus, Capno. Nurses bite this chronicå£è…” champ.
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The nurse is caring for a 39-year-old woman with a family history of breast cancer. She requested a breast tumor marking test and the results have come back positive. As a result, the patient is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of what type of oncologic surgery?
- A. Salvage surgery
- B. Palliative surgery
- C. Prophylactic surgery
- D. Reconstructive surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A bilateral mastectomy here is prophylactic removing nonvital breasts to prevent cancer in a high-risk patient with a positive tumor marker and family history. It's about risk reduction, not treatment of existing disease. Salvage surgery tackles recurrence after a less aggressive initial approach, like resecting a regrown tumor. Palliative surgery eases symptoms (e.g., pain from obstruction) in advanced cases, not prevention. Reconstructive surgery restores form or function post-treatment, like breast reconstruction after curative mastectomy. Prophylactic fits this preemptive strike, driven by genetic or familial risk (e.g., BRCA mutations), a growing trend in oncology to outpace cancer's onset, guided by nurses supporting informed, tough choices.
Prescription of long term oxygen therapy has some very strict guidelines. In order to qualify for this treatment, the patient has to:
- A. Be admitted to hospital 3 times within a 12 month time frame with acute exacerbation of COPD
- B. Demonstrate a significant impairment of QOL because of dyspnoea and decreased exercise capacity
- C. Have very high levels of anxiety which impact on their ability to self-manage and increase stress on carer
- D. Have a diagnosis of severe COPD with PaO2 of >55 mmHg, or evidence of tissue hypoxia and end organ damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: O2's lifeline demands proof severe COPD with PaO2 ≤55 mmHg or hypoxia's organ bite, a strict cut. Admissions, QOL dips, anxiety don't seal it hypoxemia does. Nurses gatekeep this, a chronic oxygen rule.
Which of the following is NOT involved with weight regulation?
- A. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC)
- B. The lateral geniculate nucleus
- C. The lateral hypothalamic area
- D. The paraventricular nucleus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight's brain game ARC, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, and solitary tract tunes hunger, satiety, and energy via hormones and gut signals. The lateral geniculate nucleus, a vision hub, sits out, irrelevant to food's dance. Clinicians map this circuitry, targeting obesity's roots, a chronic fix sidestepping eyeballs.
A 50 year old Chinese man is suspected to have metabolic syndrome. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2006 definition, which ONE of the following diagnostic criteria is mandatory to make a diagnosis in this gentleman?
- A. Triglycerides of 1.7 mmol/L
- B. Waist circumference of 90 cm
- C. HDL-cholesterol of <1.03 mmol/L
- D. Blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IDF 2006 metabolic syndrome hinges on waist 90 cm for Asian men, mandatory, then two more like lipids, BP, or glucose. Others count, but girth's the chronic core nurses measure first.
Which is FALSE regarding PCP pneumonia in AIDS?
- A. it is usually only seen when the CD4 count <200
- B. prophylaxis should be given in all pts with CD4 count <200
- C. CXR characteristically shows bilateral diffuse infiltrates
- D. Once a patient has had it they are unlikely to get it again
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PCP relapse haunts AIDS CD4 <200 stays vulnerable, not a one-off. Prophylaxis holds below 200, CXR's diffuse or blank 20%, all true. Nurses know this chronic lung leech bites again sans lifelong guard.