Nokea
A child has been diagnosed with enuresis. TCA imipramine (Tofranil) has been prescribed for the child. The nurse understands that this medication is in which category?
- A. Antidepressant
- B. Antidiuretic
- C. Antispasmodic
- D. Analgesic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Imipramine (Tofranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that is commonly used to treat enuresis in children. Enuresis is a condition characterized by involuntary urination, especially observed during sleep in children who are old enough to have bladder control. Imipramine works by affecting the balance of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which helps regulate the bladder and reduce involuntary urination. While imipramine has antidepressant properties, it is also effective in treating enuresis by reducing the frequency of bedwetting episodes.
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A 16 y.o. girl is diagnosed with genital herpes. She is tearful and as she asks what she can do to prevent complications of the disease. Based on the data provided, which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for her plan of care?
- A. Risk for transmission of infection
- B. Pain
- C. Health-seeking behaviours
- D. Ineffective sexuality pattern
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Given that the 16-year-old girl has been diagnosed with genital herpes and is concerned about preventing complications of the disease, the most appropriate nursing diagnosis would be "Risk for transmission of infection." Genital herpes is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection, and individuals with the infection can transmit it to their partners through sexual contact. Therefore, it is crucial to educate the girl on ways to prevent the transmission of the infection to others. By addressing this nursing diagnosis, the healthcare team can provide guidance on safer sexual practices, including the use of condoms, abstinence during outbreaks, and communication with partners to prevent the spread of the infection. This nursing diagnosis focuses on promoting the girl's health and preventing further complications related to the transmission of genital herpes.
For children receiving steroid therapy, which of the following regimens is most appropriate for perioperative management?
- A. Prednisone 1 mg/kg given 24 and 12 hours before surgery
- B. Dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg IV given 24 and 12 hours before surgery
- C. Hydrocortisone 5 mg/kg IV given 24 and 12 hours before surgery
- D. Methylprednisolone 10 mg/kg IV given 24 and 12 hours before surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrocortisone is commonly used for perioperative steroid coverage due to its mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid effects.
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is receiving zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT [Retrovir]). To check for adverse drug effects, the nurse should monitor the results of laboratory test?
- A. RBC count
- B. Serum calcium
- C. Fasting blood glucose
- D. Platelet count
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT [Retrovir]) is an antiretroviral medication used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. One of the potential adverse effects of zidovudine is bone marrow suppression, which can lead to decreased production of blood cells including platelets. Monitoring the platelet count is essential because a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) can result in an increased risk of bleeding and bruising. Therefore, regular monitoring of platelet count is crucial to detect and manage this potential adverse effect promptly in patients receiving zidovudine therapy. Monitoring other laboratory tests such as RBC count, serum calcium, and fasting blood glucose may also be important for assessing overall health status, but platelet count monitoring takes priority due to the risk of thrombocytopenia associated with zidovudine therapy.
Decreasing level of consciousness is a symptom of which of the following physiological phenomena?
- A. Increased ICP
- B. Parasympathetic response
- C. Sympathetic response
- D. Increased cerebral blood flow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A decreasing level of consciousness is a symptom often associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). When the pressure inside the skull rises, it can compress and damage the brain, leading to a deterioration in consciousness. Common causes of increased ICP include traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, and infections. As ICP continues to rise, it can result in serious consequences such as brain herniation, which can be life-threatening if not promptly managed. Therefore, a decreasing level of consciousness should raise concerns about increased ICP and warrant immediate medical evaluation and intervention.
Through which of the ff body fluids has transmission of HIV been established? Choose all that apply
- A. Saliva
- B. Sweat
- C. Tears f. Breastmilk
- D. Blood g. Urine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The transmission of HIV has been established through the following body fluids: