Nursing Care of Children Final ATI

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A child is admitted with renal failure. Which of these findings should the nurse expect?

  • A. Decreased BUN
  • B. Azotemia and oliguria
  • C. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
  • D. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Azotemia (elevated BUN and creatinine) and oliguria (reduced urine output) are classic signs of renal failure, indicating impaired kidney function. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products, leading to an increase in BUN and creatinine levels in the blood. Additionally, oliguria occurs due to decreased kidney function. Increased GFR (Choice C) is not expected in renal failure as it signifies improved kidney function, which is not the case in renal failure. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance (Choice D) are not typical findings in renal failure. Polyuria is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus, while elevated creatinine clearance would indicate increased kidney function, which is contrary to the impaired function seen in renal failure.

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An adolescent states, "I want to be a doctor or a lawyer when I grow up because I like taking care of people." Which Eriksonian challenge is the adolescent attempting?

  • A. Identity vs. role diffusion
  • B. Trust vs. mistrust
  • C. Industry vs. inferiority
  • D. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Identity vs. role diffusion. During adolescence, individuals face the challenge of forming a cohesive sense of self and identity. In this scenario, the adolescent's desire to become a doctor or lawyer reflects the exploration of potential roles and career paths, indicating an attempt to establish a clear identity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Trust vs. mistrust is a challenge experienced in infancy, industry vs. inferiority is relevant to the school-age period, and autonomy vs. shame and doubt is associated with the toddler stage, not adolescence.

The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which age group is the third leading cause of death?

  • A. Preschoolers
  • B. Young school age
  • C. Middle school age
  • D. Late school age and adolescents
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

What is an important intervention in providing a neutral thermal environment for an LBW infant in an incubator?

  • A. Use wool blankets.
  • B. Avoid using disposable diapers.
  • C. Prevent heat loss.
  • D. Closely monitor both incubator and rectal temperatures.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Preventing heat loss in a low birth weight (LBW) infant is crucial in maintaining a neutral thermal environment. The use of cotton blankets is recommended over wool blankets. Avoiding disposable diapers is not directly related to maintaining a neutral thermal environment. While monitoring temperatures is important, the key intervention is preventing heat loss to ensure the infant's survival.

A 5-year-old is hospitalized with a fractured femur. Which pain assessment tool is appropriate for this child?

  • A. CRIES Scale
  • B. Faces Pain Rating Scale
  • C. SUN Scale
  • D. NIPS Scale
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Faces Pain Rating Scale is appropriate for assessing pain in children who can express their feelings visually. For a 5-year-old child who can communicate effectively, using a tool like the Faces Pain Rating Scale, which uses facial expressions to indicate pain levels, is more suitable than the CRIES Scale (used for neonates), the SUN Scale (used for infants), or the NIPS Scale (used for preterm and term newborns).

The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?

  • A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool-aged
  • B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures
  • C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications
  • D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allowing the child to make choices, such as selecting the type of juice, helps to maintain a sense of control and reduce anxiety, ensuring atraumatic care.

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