Nokea
A child is brought to your clinic for a routine exam. She can dress with help, can ride a tricycle, knows her own age, and can speak in short sentences. She had difficulty in copying a square. The age of this child is most likely:
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 3 years
- D. 4 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 3 years, children typically have the ability to dress with assistance, ride a tricycle, know their age, and speak in short sentences. Copying a square usually occurs later, around 4 years of age.
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In pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, stages are dependent on primary site whether favorable or unfavorable. Which of the following sites of involvement is considered unfavorable?
- A. vagina
- B. uterus
- C. testis
- D. paranasal sinuses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paranasal sinuses are considered unfavorable sites in rhabdomyosarcoma staging.
The major pharmacologic action of albuterol sulfate (Proventil HFA) is:
- A. decreasing airway reactivity.
- B. decreasing inflammation and airway obstruction.
- C. improving the action of cilia to sweep trapped mucous upward.
- D. relaxing constricted bronchial smooth muscle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol acts as a beta-2 agonist, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle to relieve airway constriction.
A nurse is reviewing acid-base laboratory data on a newborn admitted to the NICU for meconium aspiration. Which laboratory values should the nurse report to the physician? (Select all that apply.)
- A. pH: 7.35
- B. PCO : 49
- C. HCO -: 30
- D. PaO : 96
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: pH: 7.35 - This pH value is within the normal range for a newborn and does not indicate acidosis or alkalosis.
In embryonic period, formation of all of the following occur by the given time EXCEPT
- A. 8 days - blastocyst formation
- B. 6 weeks - ectoderm formation
- C. 8 weeks - crown-rump length about 3 cm
- D. 10 weeks - endoderm formation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endoderm formation occurs much earlier than 10 weeks in the embryonic period.
a school-age child is admitted in vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. the child's care should include which of the following?
- A. correction of acidosis.
- B. adequate hydration, pain management.
- C. pain management, administration of heparin.
- D. adequate oxygenation, replacement of factor viii
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis, it is crucial to focus on adequate hydration and pain management. Hydration is essential to prevent further sickling of red blood cells, which can exacerbate tissue damage and pain. Pain management is a key aspect of care as vaso-occlusive crises often cause severe pain that requires prompt and effective treatment. Administering heparin is not indicated in a vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis as it is primarily used for conditions like deep vein thrombosis. Correcting acidosis and replacing factor VIII are also not typically part of the management of a vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis.