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A child is undergoing testing for food allergies after experiencing unexplained signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity. What food items would the nurse inform the parents are common allergens?
- A. Citrus fruits and rice
- B. Root vegetables and tomatoes
- C. Eggs and wheat
- D. Hard cheeses and vegetable oils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eggs and wheat. This is because eggs and wheat are common food allergens in children. Eggs contain proteins that can trigger allergic reactions, while wheat contains gluten, a common allergen. Citrus fruits and rice (choice A) are not common allergens. Root vegetables and tomatoes (choice B) are also less likely to cause allergies. Hard cheeses and vegetable oils (choice D) are not commonly associated with food allergies in children. Therefore, informing the parents about eggs and wheat as common allergens is crucial for the child's testing and management of food allergies.
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A nurse administers an antimuscarinic to a patient.Which findings indicate the patient is having therapeutic effects from this medication? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Decrease in dysuria
- B. Decrease in urgency
- C. Decrease in frequency
- D. Decrease in prostate size
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decrease in dysuria. Antimuscarinic medications target muscarinic receptors, which are involved in the contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder. Dysuria, or painful urination, is a common symptom of overactive bladder or bladder spasms, which can be relieved by antimuscarinics. Choices B, C, and D are related to other urinary symptoms such as urgency, frequency, and prostate size, respectively, which are not directly targeted by antimuscarinics. Therefore, only a decrease in dysuria indicates therapeutic effects of the medication.
A patient with metastatic cancer has developed trigeminal neuralgia and is taking carbamazepine (Tegretol) for pain relief. What principle applies to the administration of this medication?
- A. Tegretol is not known to have serious adverse effects.
- B. The patient should be monitored for bone marrow depression.
- C. Side effects of the medication include renal dysfunction.
- D. The medication should be first taken in the maximum dosage form to be effective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient should be monitored for bone marrow depression. Carbamazepine can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells. Monitoring blood counts is crucial to detect this adverse effect early. Choice A is incorrect as Tegretol can have serious adverse effects, including bone marrow depression. Choice C is incorrect as the main side effects of carbamazepine are related to the central nervous system, not renal dysfunction. Choice D is incorrect as medications like carbamazepine should be started at a low dose and gradually titrated up to minimize side effects.
A patient has presented for her annual mammogram. The patient voices concerns related to exposure to radiation. What should the nurse teach the patient about a mammogram?
- A. It does not use radiation.
- B. Radiation levels are safe as long as mammograms are performed only once per year.
- C. The negative effects of radiation do not accumulate until late in life.
- D. Radiation from a mammogram is equivalent to an hour of sunlight.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Mammograms use low-dose X-rays to create images of the breast tissue.
Step 2: The radiation exposure in a mammogram is minimal and considered safe.
Step 3: Choice A is correct as it states that mammograms do not use radiation, which is accurate.
Step 4: Other choices are incorrect because B wrongly implies that annual mammograms are safe due to low radiation levels, C is incorrect as radiation effects can accumulate over time, and D is incorrect as the amount of radiation in a mammogram is much lower than an hour of sunlight.
A nurse is taking a history on a patient whocannot speak English. Which action will the nurse take?
- A. Obtain an interpreter.
- B. Refer to a speech therapist.
- C. Let a close family member talk.
- D. Find a mental health nurse specialist.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obtain an interpreter. This is the best action as it ensures effective communication and accurate understanding of the patient's history and needs. Using a professional interpreter maintains confidentiality, avoids misinterpretation, and promotes cultural sensitivity. Referring to a speech therapist (B) is not appropriate for language barriers. Letting a family member talk (C) may compromise privacy and accuracy. Finding a mental health nurse specialist (D) is not needed for language translation.
A nurse wants to find all the pertinent patientinformation in one record, regardless of the number of times the patient entered the health care system. Which record should the nurse find?
- A. Electronic medical record
- B. Electronic health record
- C. Electronic charting record
- D. Electronic problem record
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Electronic health record. An Electronic Health Record (EHR) contains comprehensive health information about an individual that is collected across different health care providers and organizations. This includes medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory test results. The EHR is designed to be accessible by authorized healthcare providers and ensures that all pertinent patient information is available in one centralized record, regardless of the number of times the patient entered the health care system.
A: Electronic medical record (EMR) typically contains information from a single provider or organization.
C: Electronic charting record is more focused on documenting care provided during a specific encounter.
D: Electronic problem record is limited to tracking specific health issues or conditions.