Nokea
A classic full blown AIDS case is identified by clinical manifestations such as:
- A. Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
- B. Sudden loss of weight, afternoon fever and general malaise
- C. Tumors and opportunistic infections
- D. Fever, weight loss, night sweats and diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A classic full-blown AIDS case is characterized by the presence of tumors and opportunistic infections due to the severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As the immune system becomes progressively weakened, the individual becomes highly susceptible to various infections and malignancies, which are typically not seen in individuals with a healthy immune system. The presence of tumors and opportunistic infections in an individual signifies the advanced stage of HIV infection and the progression to AIDS. The other options (A, B, D) are more general symptoms that can be seen in various stages of HIV infection and are not specific to a full-blown AIDS case.
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Which of the ff are the symptoms of basilar skull fracture? Choose all that apply
- A. Raccoon eyes
- B. Amnesia
- C. Halo sign
- D. Paresthesia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Raccoon eyes and Battle's sign are classic signs of basilar skull fracture. Raccoon eyes refer to the presence of bruising or discoloration around the eyes, resembling the appearance of a raccoon. This occurs due to blood collecting in the soft tissues around the eyes. Battle's sign is bruising behind the ear, which can also indicate a basilar skull fracture.
Which of the following would be the most appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a client with a fractured rib?
- A. Apply immobilization device after examination by physician
- B. Discourage taking deep breaths if breathing is painful
- C. Advise against using analgesics and regional nerve blocks
- D. Encouraged increased fluid intake if pulmonary contusion exists
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Applying an immobilization device, such as a rib belt or rib binder, is a common nursing intervention for a client with a fractured rib. However, it is essential to first ensure that the client is examined by a physician to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the fracture. Immobilizing the area helps reduce pain, support the chest wall, and promote healing by limiting movement that can further irritate the injured rib. Additionally, the physician's assessment is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan and ruling out any complications that may require further medical intervention.
Just as the nurse was entering the room, the patient who was sitting on his chair begins to have a seizure. Which of the following must the nurse do first?
- A. Ease the patient to the floor
- B. Insert a padded tongue depressor between his jaws
- C. Lift the patient and put him on the bed
- D. Restraint patient's body movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a patient is having a seizure, the primary goal is to keep the patient safe and prevent injury. By easing the patient to the floor, the nurse can prevent potential injury from falling. It is important to ensure there are no objects nearby that can harm the patient during the seizure. Placing something between the patient's jaws or restraining their body movements are not recommended as they can potentially harm the patient or exacerbate the seizure. Once the patient is safely on the floor, the nurse can protect the patient's head, remove any harmful objects, and monitor the seizure until it subsides.
You are discussing the risk of radiotherapy with the parents of a child with medulloblastoma; the mother has a concern about the late neurological complications post radiotherapy. The statement that should be included in the discussion that late neurological sequelae post radiotherapy is more severe with
- A. focal radiotherapy rather than craniospinal irradiation
- B. children with an age of less than 3 year
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. low grade tumors rather than high grade tumors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Younger children (<3 years) are more susceptible to long-term neurotoxic effects of radiotherapy.
Tic douloureux is a (n) ___ cranial nerve disorder characterized by paroxysms of pain and burning sensations.
- A. 1st
- B. 7th
- C. 5th
- D. 8th
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tic douloureux, also known as trigeminal neuralgia, is a disorder of the 5th cranial nerve. This condition is characterized by intense, sharp, stabbing, and burning pain that follows the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The pain occurs in short, sudden attacks or paroxysms, typically triggered by touching specific trigger points or by activities such as eating or speaking. It is important to correctly identify and diagnose the involvement of the 5th cranial nerve in such cases to provide appropriate treatment options for the patient.