Nokea
Where would nonpathologic cyanosis normally be present in the newborn shortly after birth?
- A. Feet and hands
- B. Bridge of nose
- C. Circumoral area
- D. Mucous membranes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns shortly after birth is typically seen in the mucous membranes, such as the lips and oral mucosa. This transient cyanosis is caused by the normal physiologic response of the newborn's immature circulatory system adjusting to extrauterine life. As oxygenation improves and blood circulation stabilizes, the cyanosis will usually resolve within the first few days after birth. It is important for healthcare providers to distinguish between pathologic and nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns to ensure appropriate management and monitoring.
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The clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (bradykinesia rigidity and tremors) is directly related to a decreased level of:
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. Serotonin
- C. Dopamine
- D. Phenylalanine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease, including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors, are directly related to a decreased level of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating movement and coordination. A decrease in dopamine levels results in the characteristic motor symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease. The treatment for Parkinson's disease often involves medications that help increase dopamine levels in the brain, such as levodopa, to alleviate these symptoms.
What should the nurse suggest to the parents of an infant who has a prolonged need for middle-of-the-night feedings?
- A. Decrease daytime feedings.
- B. Allow child to go to sleep with a bottle.
- C. Offer last feeding as late as possible at night.
- D. Put infant to bed after asleep from rocking.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should suggest to the parents to offer the last feeding as late as possible at night for an infant who has a prolonged need for middle-of-the-night feedings. By ensuring that the infant gets a full feeding closer to bedtime, it can potentially help the baby stay fuller for a longer period during the night, reducing the need for frequent nighttime feedings. This approach can help the parents establish a bedtime routine that supports longer stretches of sleep for both the infant and themselves. It is important to note that decreasing daytime feedings, allowing the child to go to sleep with a bottle, and putting the infant to bed after they are already asleep from rocking are not recommended strategies for addressing prolonged middle-of-the-night feedings.
The nurse is testing an infant's visual acuity. By what age should the infant be able to fix on and follow a target?
- A. 1 month
- B. 1 to 2 months
- C. 3 to 4 months
- D. 6 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By 6 months of age, infants should be able to fix on and follow a target with their eyes. This behavior is indicative of normal visual development in infants. It typically signifies that the infant's visual acuity is developing as expected. Therefore, by the age of 6 months, most infants should demonstrate the ability to focus on and track objects within their field of vision.
The LEAST important advice for a 2-month-old baby with excessive crying is
- A. master the situation in relaxed manner
- B. adhere to precry cues
- C. change milk formula
- D. avoid sensory overstimulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Changing formula is less critical if the baby is gaining weight adequately.
Why may an ice collar be ordered for a client who is undergoing drainage of a peritonsillar abscess?
- A. To reduce swelling and pain
- B. To prevent respiratory obstruction
- C. To help the client drink fluids
- D. To prevent excessive bleeding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An ice collar may be ordered for a client undergoing drainage of a peritonsillar abscess to prevent respiratory obstruction. Peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus behind the tonsils, and the inflammation and swelling from the abscess can lead to difficulty in breathing or swallowing. Applying an ice collar can help reduce the swelling and prevent the abscess from compressing the airway, thus reducing the risk of respiratory obstruction. It can provide comfort to the client and support the drainage process by minimizing the swelling and promoting better drainage of the abscess.