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A client has a routine Papanicolaou (Pap) test during a yearly gynecologic examination. The result reveals a class V finding. What should the nurse tell the client about this finding?
- A. It's normal and requires no action
- B. It calls for a repeat Pap test in 6 weeks
- C. It calls for a repeat Pap test in 3 months
- D. It calls for a biopsy as soon as possible
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Class V findings on a Pap test indicate the presence of severely abnormal cells, suggesting a high likelihood of precancerous or cancerous changes. Therefore, it calls for a biopsy as soon as possible to further investigate and determine the appropriate course of action. Immediate follow-up and intervention are crucial in cases of Class V Pap test results to address any potential serious health concerns.
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A 10-month-old child can do all the following EXCEPT
- A. says mama or dada
- B. follows one-step command without gesture
- C. points to objects or real first word
- D. speaks inhibition word 'no'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Speaking inhibition words like 'no' typically occurs later.
A nurse is conducting education classes for parents of infants. The nurse plans to discuss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which risk factors should the nurse include as increasing an infant's risk of a sudden infant death syndrome incident? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Breastfeeding
- B. Low Apgar scores
- C. Male sex
- D. Birth weight in the 50th or higher percentile
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - Low Apgar scores: Infants with low Apgar scores (scores of 3 or lower at 5 minutes after birth) are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Low Apgar scores may indicate underlying health issues in the newborn that could contribute to the risk of SIDS.
When educating parents regarding known antecedent infections in acute glomerulonephritis, which of the following should the nurse cover?
- A. Scabies
- B. Impetigo
- C. Herpes simplex
- D. Varicella
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When educating parents regarding known antecedent infections in acute glomerulonephritis, the nurse should cover impetigo. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is commonly triggered by a streptococcal infection, such as impetigo or strep throat. Impetigo, a superficial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, is a common precursor to APSGN in children. Therefore, educating parents about impetigo and its potential link to acute glomerulonephritis is crucial in helping them recognize and manage their child's health effectively.
Pulmonary edema is characterized by:
- A. Elevated left ventricular and-diastolic
- B. Increased hydrostatic pressure
- C. All of the above alterations
- D. A rise in pulmonary venous pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary edema is characterized by increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries and a rise in pulmonary venous pressure, which leads to fluid leaking out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveoli. This results in elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which is a key characteristic of pulmonary edema. Therefore, all of the above alterations (increased hydrostatic pressure, a rise in pulmonary venous pressure, and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) are seen in pulmonary edema.
Choose the condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a high PCO :
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Respiratory alkalosis
- D. Metaboliâ‚‚c alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is a condition characterized by elevated levels of carbon dioxide (high PCOâ‚‚) and decreased blood pH (low pH) due to inadequate ventilation leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body. The excess carbon dioxide reacts with water in the blood to form carbonic acid, resulting in a decrease in pH. This is in contrast to metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by an accumulation of acids other than carbon dioxide, leading to a low blood pH. Respiratory alkalosis would present with a low PCOâ‚‚ and high pH, while metabolic alkalosis features a high pH and elevated bicarbonate levels due to non-respiratory causes.