Nokea
A client has a wart on the left knee but wants to try an over-the-counter medication to dissolve the wart. What type of solution would the nurse educate the client about?
- A. Antiseborrheic agents
- B. Antihistamine
- C. Antiseptics
- D. Keratolytics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Keratolytics dissolve thickened, cornified skin such as warts, corns, and calluses. Their action causes the treated area to soften and swell, facilitating removal. Antiseborrheic agents are applied to the scalp or incorporated into shampooing products to control dandruff. Antihistamines are used to relieve itching. An antiseptic would be used to reduce bacteria on the arm.
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The nurse is caring for a client who has had emphysema for 10 years. When performing a fingernail assessment, what does the nurse anticipate the client's nails will be documented as?
- A. Concave
- B. Brittle
- C. Discolored
- D. Clubbing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clubbing of the nails is evidenced by an angle greater than 160?° and suggests long-standing cardiopulmonary disease and chronic hypoxic states. Concave or 'spooning' may indicate iron-deficiency anemia. Discolored or brittle nails may result from other disorders or smoking.
Which stage of a pressure injury is exhibited by deeply ulcerated tissue, exposing muscle and bone?
- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage IV occurs when the tissue is deeply ulcerated, exposing muscle and bones. Stage III pressure sores are those in which the superficial impairment progresses to a shallow crater that extends to the subcutaneous tissue. Stage I pressure sores are characterized by redness of the skin. Stage II pressure sores are red and accompanied by blistering and a shallow break in the skin.
A client has joined a rowing team and has been enjoying the activity for approximately 1 month. The client comes to the clinic for a routine physical examination and shows the nurse the hands, which are observed to have thickened areas in several areas. What does the nurse recognize these are in response to the repeated friction of the oars?
- A. Calluses
- B. Senile keratosis
- C. Senile lentigines
- D. Rheumatoid nodules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Areas of skin subjected to friction, such as where a pencil is held repeatedly, have accelerated rates of epidermal cell production. A callus, which is a thick layer of epidermal cells, forms in response to recurring friction on an area of skin. Senile keratosis is small, yellow or brown raised lesions that appear on the face and trunk in an older adult client. Senile lentigines are also known as liver spots and are found on the hands and forearms of older people. Rheumatoid nodules affect those clients with rheumatoid arthritis.
A client has been prescribed an antibiotic to treat a bacterial skin infection. What should the nurse inform the client is most important to do when taking the medication?
- A. The antibiotic should only be taken until the symptoms disappear and the rest of the medication can be saved for the next infection.
- B. Be sure to complete the prescription even if the infection appears to resolve.
- C. If another member of the family develops the infection, the medication may be shared.
- D. Stop taking the medication immediately if a fever develops.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Instruct clients taking antibiotics to complete the entire prescription, even if the condition resolves before they finish all of the medication. Medication should not be shared between family members, and the client must take all of the medication. The medication should not be stopped if a fever develops because the antibiotic takes 24 to 48 hours to begin working.
The nurse is administering a medication to a client who is suffering from pain related to partial thickened burns. The medication will interrupt the sensation and transmission of pain stimuli. What type of nociceptors will this medication block?
- A. Thermoreceptors
- B. Mechanoreceptors
- C. Nociceptors
- D. Alpha receptors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nociceptors sense and transmit the location of pain stimuli. Thermoreceptors perceive sensations of heat and cold. Mechanoreceptors detect touch, location, pressure, motion, vibration, size, and texture. Alpha receptors trigger autonomic responses.