Nokea
A client has been diagnosed with thrombophlebitis. The nurse needs to closely monitor the client for detecting, managing, and minimizing the risk for thrombophlebitis development. Which of the following nursing actions will help a nurse minimize the occurrence of thrombophlebitis in the client?
- A. Give warm sitz baths after sutures have been removed
- B. Apply an air or egg crate mattress to the bed
- C. Administer prescribed analgesics liberally
- D. Assess for and report calf pain or calf tenderness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calf pain or tenderness can be indicative of deep vein thrombosis, a complication of thrombophlebitis.
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Vaginal discharge is one of the clinical manifestations in women with
- A. Vulvovaginal candidiasis
- B. Granuloma inguinale
- C. Gonorrhea
- D. Trichomoniasis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Trichomoniasis
Rationale: Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that commonly presents with vaginal discharge. The discharge is typically frothy, yellow-green, and has a strong odor. This distinguishes it from other causes of vaginal discharge.
Summary of Other Choices:
A: Vulvovaginal candidiasis - Typically presents with thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge.
B: Granuloma inguinale - Rare bacterial infection causing painless genital ulcers, not associated with vaginal discharge.
C: Gonorrhea - May cause vaginal discharge, but typically associated with other symptoms like pelvic pain and abnormal bleeding.
A client with stage IV ovarian cancer and recurrent ascites is admitted to the medical unit for a paracentesis. Which nursing actions included in the plan of care will you delegate to an LPN who has worked on the medical unit for several years?
- A. Obtain a paracentesis tray from the central supply area.
- B. Complete the short-stay client admission form.
- C. Take vital signs every 15 minutes after the procedure.
- D. Provide discharge instructions after the procedure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking vital signs is within the scope of practice for an LPN.
Which hormone is necessary for the growth of endometrial glands, which are important for the sustenance of a growing embryo until its implantation?
- A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- B. Testosterone
- C. Progesterone
- D. Inhibin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Progesterone. Progesterone is necessary for the growth of endometrial glands as it prepares the endometrium for implantation of the embryo. LH is responsible for ovulation, not endometrial gland growth. Testosterone is a male sex hormone and not directly involved in endometrial gland growth. Inhibin regulates FSH secretion, not endometrial gland growth.
Which of the following decreases the resistance in the arteries leading to the sinuses of the penis?
- A. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the arteries
- B. Nitric oxide
- C. Inhibition of activity of the parasympathetic nerves leading to the arteries
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle in the arterial walls, leading to decreased resistance in the arteries. This results in increased blood flow to the sinuses of the penis, contributing to erectile function.
A: Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the arteries would actually increase resistance by causing vasoconstriction.
C: Inhibition of activity of the parasympathetic nerves leading to the arteries would also increase resistance as parasympathetic stimulation typically leads to vasodilation.
Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly causes vasodilation and decreases resistance in the arteries leading to the sinuses of the penis, which is essential for erectile function.
Which of the following events does NOT lead to genetic variation?
- A. Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis.
- B. Random fertilization between ovum and sperm.
- C. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
- D. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis II.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis II does not lead to genetic variation. This is because crossing over occurs during meiosis I, not meiosis II. Meiosis II is when the separated chromatids are pulled apart to form haploid cells. Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis (A) and random fertilization between ovum and sperm (B) both contribute to genetic variation by creating unique combinations of alleles. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I (C) also leads to genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.