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A client has been hospitalized with a diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. Which factor is most significant in the development of laryngeal cancer?
- A. A family history of laryngeal cancer
- B. Chronic inhalation of noxious fumes
- C. Frequent straining of the vocal cords
- D. A history of frequent alcohol and tobacco use
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent alcohol and tobacco use is the most significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer due to chronic irritation and carcinogenic effects on laryngeal tissues.
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A 19-year-old male has been experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days due to food poisoning. The nurse expects a urine specific gravity of
- A. 0.850.
- B. 1.005.
- C. 1.020.
- D. 1.041.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea increases urine specific gravity (normal 1.005-1.030). 1.041 indicates concentrated urine due to fluid loss.
A client is to be discharged on warfarin (Coumadin®) therapy, and the nurse is teaching the client about the medication. Which of the following statements by the client indicates that the client's education has been effective? Select all that apply.
- A. I should use a soft toothbrush.
- B. My stools will routinely be black.
- C. Swimming is a good choice for exercise.
- D. I should wear a Medical Alert bracelet.
- E. I should avoid all green, leafy vegetables.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Soft toothbrush (A), swimming (C), and Medical Alert bracelet (D) reduce bleeding risk and ensure safety. Black stools (B) indicate bleeding, and avoiding all leafy greens (E) is excessive.
A student nurse is assigned to change a patient's dressing. The soiled bandage is saturated with bright red blood. How should the student nurse dispose of the bandage?
- A. in the hallway sharps container
- B. in a labeled or color-coded biohazard bag
- C. in the trash, but it must be double bagged
- D. in the trash can in the patient's room
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood-saturated bandages are biohazardous and must be disposed of in a labeled biohazard bag to prevent infection transmission.
The ED nurse is caring for a client whose native tongue is not English. The client speaks Korean and only understands a few words of English. The nurse understands that which response is best regarding how to communicate with this client?
- A. ask a bilingual family member to tell the client to point to where the pain is
- B. call the oncology unit and ask for the nurse who is a native Korean to come and translate
- C. show the client the equipment before using it, such as indicating that an IV line will be placed in the arm
- D. call for an official Korean interpreter on the facility's translator hotline to communicate with the client, family, and health care provider
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using an official interpreter ensures accurate, unbiased communication, adhering to ethical and legal standards for patient care.
A client with schizophrenia is receiving depot injections of Haldol Deconate (haloperidol decanoate). The client should be told to return for his next injection in:
- A. 1 week
- B. 2 weeks
- C. 4 weeks
- D. 6 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Haldol Decanoate is a long-acting depot injection typically administered every 4 weeks for maintenance therapy in schizophrenia.