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A client has been prescribed adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. What common side effect might she experience?
- A. Weight gain, hot flashes, and blood clots
- B. Vomiting, weight loss, and hair loss
- C. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- D. Hot flashes, weight gain, and headaches
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Common side effects of tamoxifen include hot flashes, weight gain, and blood clots. Other side effects like nausea and hair loss are not typical.
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The nurse is providing care to a 46-year-old female patient. The patient appears hesitant when asked of her sexual history, and the nurse discovers that the patient is a lesbian. What education should the nurse provide to this patient pertaining to her health?
- A. Lesbians often are at higher risk for menstrual disorders, abnormal insulin production, and infertility.
- B. Lesbians often are at higher risk due to lower socioeconomic disparities than their heterosexual counterparts.
- C. Lesbians often refuse choices in health care such as the HPV vaccine as many feel they are not at risk.
- D. Lesbians often have fewer health issues than their heterosexual counterparts due to their strong support systems.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The education that the nurse should provide to the lesbian patient pertains to her health includes the fact that lesbians often are at higher risk for menstrual disorders, abnormal insulin production, and infertility. It is important for the nurse to be aware of potential health risks that may affect lesbians specifically, as this knowledge can help in providing appropriate care and interventions. By addressing these specific health concerns, the nurse can promote the patient's overall well-being and empower her to take proactive steps to maintain her health.
What is the primary difference between hospital care and home health care?
- A. Home care is routinely and continuously delivered by professional staff.
- B. Home care is delivered on an intermittent basis by professional staff.
- C. Home care is delivered for emergency conditions.
- D. Home care is not available 24 hours a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Home care is provided intermittently by health professionals, who visit clients for specific needs. Hospital care, in contrast, involves continuous professional staff presence. Home care is typically not designed for emergency situations, which require immediate hospital care.
Which statement is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States?
- A. There are a larger proportion of younger nurses in the workforce as compared with older nurses.
- B. As a result of decreased RN-to-patient ratios, there is a decrease in patient mortality in the clinical setting.
- C. Nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants.
- D. There are adequate classroom and clinical facilities for training RNs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States. Despite the growing demand for healthcare services and the critical need for more nurses, nursing schools across the country face challenges in accepting all qualified applicants due to a shortage of nursing faculty, limited clinical space, and budget constraints. This bottleneck in nursing education and training contributes to the shortage of nurses in the workforce. As a result, many potential nursing students who are qualified and interested in pursuing a career in nursing are being turned away from programs, exacerbating the shortage.
A client is scheduled for surgery after a recent breast cancer diagnosis. The nurse is discussing the procedure with the client. To allay her fears, which explanation best describes a skin-sparing mastectomy?
- A. Removal of the breast, nipple, and areola, leaving only the skin
- B. Removal of the breast, nipple, areola, and axillary node dissection
- C. Incision on the outside of the breast, leaving the nipple intact
- D. Removal of both breasts in their entirety
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A skin-sparing mastectomy involves removing the breast, nipple, and areola while keeping the skin intact for possible reconstruction.
What is the most common reproductive tract cancer associated with pregnancy?
- A. Cervical
- B. Uterine
- C. Ovarian
- D. Fallopian tube
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The incidence of cervical cancer concurrent with pregnancy is reported to be 1 in 2000 pregnancies, making it the most common reproductive tract cancer associated with pregnancy.