LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions

LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions Related

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A client has major fecal incontinence and reports irritation in the perianal area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

  • A. Apply a fecal collection system
  • B. Apply a barrier cream
  • C. Cleanse and dry the area
  • D. Check the client's perineum
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a client with major fecal incontinence reports irritation in the perianal area, the nurse's initial action should be to assess the client's perineum to gather more information. By checking the perineum, the nurse can identify the extent and nature of the irritation, allowing for appropriate interventions to be initiated. This assessment is crucial in developing a comprehensive care plan and addressing the client's immediate needs effectively. Applying the nursing process priority-setting framework helps in planning care and prioritizing nursing actions, making assessment the initial step in this scenario. Applying a fecal collection system (choice A) would be premature without assessing the perineal area first. Similarly, applying a barrier cream (choice B) or cleansing and drying the area (choice C) should follow the assessment to ensure appropriate interventions are chosen based on the assessment findings.

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A client with celiac disease is being taught about dietary management. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should avoid foods that contain gluten.
  • B. I should increase my intake of foods high in gluten.
  • C. I should avoid foods that contain lactose.
  • D. I should increase my intake of foods high in lactose.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should avoid foods that contain gluten.' Celiac disease requires the avoidance of gluten-containing foods to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Gluten is found in wheat, barley, and rye. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the dietary requirements for managing celiac disease. Increasing intake of foods high in gluten or lactose would be detrimental for someone with celiac disease.

A client with cirrhosis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
  • B. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.
  • C. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
  • D. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In cirrhosis, decreasing the intake of sodium-rich foods is essential to manage fluid retention and symptoms. Excessive sodium intake can worsen fluid accumulation and lead to complications such as ascites. Therefore, advising the client to decrease sodium-rich foods demonstrates an understanding of the dietary management necessary for cirrhosis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing sodium-rich foods can exacerbate fluid retention and complications in cirrhosis, increasing potassium-rich foods is not the primary focus of dietary management in cirrhosis, and decreasing potassium-rich foods is not a key recommendation for managing cirrhosis-related dietary issues.

The nurse is caring for a client with an endotracheal tube attached to a ventilator. The high-pressure alarm sounds on the ventilator. The nurse prepares to perform which priority nursing intervention?

  • A. Suction the client.
  • B. Check for a disconnection.
  • C. Notify the respiratory therapist.
  • D. Evaluate the tube cuff for a leak.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A high-pressure alarm on a ventilator indicates obstruction or resistance, often from secretions; suctioning (A) is the priority to clear the airway. Checking for disconnection (B) fits low-pressure alarms. Notifying respiratory therapy (C) delays action. Evaluating the cuff (D) addresses leaks, not high pressure. A is correct. Rationale: Suctioning resolves common causes like mucus plugs, restoring ventilation swiftly, a first-line action per ventilator management protocols, critical to prevent hypoxia or barotrauma.

Freud postulated that child adopts parental standards and traits through

  • A. Imitation
  • B. Introjection
  • C. Identification
  • D. Regression
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory (1900s) posits children adopt parental standards via identification e.g., mimicking a parent's empathy. Imitation (copying), introjection (internalizing), and regression (reverting) differ. This shapes the superego, influencing nursing behaviors e.g., empathy from role models affecting caregiver styles and patient interactions.

Which of the following statement is NOT true about standards of care?

  • A. Guide nursing practice
  • B. Based on evidence
  • C. Vary by nurse
  • D. Ensure quality
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Standards guide practice (A), are evidence-based (B), ensure quality (D) 'vary by nurse' (C) isn't true, uniform, per regulation. C's variation contradicts consistency for Mr. Gary's care, making it untrue.

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