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A client has overdosed on opiates. Which drug would the nurse anticipate being ordered for this client?
- A. Dolphine
- B. Naltrexone
- C. Naloxone
- D. Hydromorphone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opiate overdose leads to respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and death. Naloxone is administered to reverse the effects of opiates and assists in restoring respiration. Naltrexone is an opiate antagonist that is used for rapid opiate detoxification while the client is under anesthesia. Dolphine and hydromorphone are opiate drugs and would increase the effects of respiratory depression.
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What assessment finding(s) is most important in determining the presence of alcohol dependency in a client? Select all that apply.
- A. Patterns of use
- B. Weight loss
- C. Fluctuation in appetite
- D. Absenteeism from work
- E. Blurred vision
- F. Blackouts
Correct Answer: A,D,F
Rationale: People who are dependent on alcohol are driven by the pattern of use and how or when to obtain alcohol. They begin drinking earlier in the day and create opportunities to drink. Loss of work hours, especially on Mondays, becomes a pattern. Blackouts or loss of episodes of time can occur in the early and later stages of the abuse. Weight loss and fluctuation in appetite may be associated with alcohol use disorder but is not a determining factor. Blurred vision is not significant in the assessment of the disorder.
The nurse is discussing the effects of secondhand smoking with a group of new mothers. What information is most important for the nurse to include?
- A. Higher risk for fractures as they age
- B. Severe asthma attacks in children of smokers
- C. Greater risk for lung cancer
- D. Increased rate for coronary heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with asthma have a greater frequency and more severe attacks when exposed to secondhand smoke. New mothers who smoked during pregnancy need to know their infants are at increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Higher incidence of lung cancer, fractures, and coronary heart disease are all consequences of smoking but not specific to new mothers or their infants.
A hypertensive client is admitted to the acute care facility that has a tobacco-free policy. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for the client who is a smoker?
- A. Allow the client to go outside to smoke.
- B. Anticipate withdrawal symptoms and treat accordingly.
- C. Contact the physician for a nonnicotine medication.
- D. Offer the client nicotine gum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nonnicotine medications such as Zyban and Chantix are dopamine uptake inhibitors that help suppress nicotine's addicting reinforcement. The order for these medications must be initiated by the physician and should lower the incidence of withdrawal symptoms for the client. Tobacco-free institutions do not permit smoking outdoors, and this activity should not be encouraged by the nurse. Offering nicotine gum without a physician's order is not appropriate. The nurse should anticipate withdrawal symptoms and provide kind supportive encouragement.
Which of the following assessment findings is observed in a client with opiate use?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Pinpoint-sized pupils
- C. Weight gain
- D. Bulimia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The assessment findings in a client with opiate use are pinpoint-sized pupils, constipation, weight loss, and anorexia. Diarrhea, weight gain, and bulimia are not the assessment findings observed in a client with opiate dependency.
The client has successfully completed detox and is ready for discharge home. What is the primary reason the nurse refers the client to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
- A. To teach how to manage alcohol use
- B. To provide support for a lifelong addiction
- C. To help the client meet other people who have been successful in treatment
- D. To prevent relapse from occurring
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alcoholism is a lifelong addiction that must be managed on an hourly/daily/weekly basis because the client is powerless over alcohol. AA emphasizes personal accountability while providing support from those who have walked in the same shoes as the client. Relapse is a common setback among recovering individuals, and AA provides encouragement to work the program of success that is alcohol and drug free.