Nokea
A client is admitted to the hospital with Addison's disease. When discharging the client, the nurse reviews discharge instructions on nutrition. Which of the following discharge instructions are important for the client with Addison's disease regarding nutrition?
- A. Eat a diet high in protein, low in refined carbohydrates
- B. Consume two meals per day
- C. Eat foods high in potassium
- D. Drink less than 1 L of fluid per day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A diet high in protein and low in refined carbohydrates is important for clients with Addison's disease to support adrenal function and manage their condition.
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Which hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys?
- A. aldosterone
- B. angiotensin
- C. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- D. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aldosterone is the correct answer because it specifically acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium. It is produced by the adrenal glands in response to low blood pressure or low sodium levels. Aldosterone binds to receptors in the kidneys, leading to increased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Angiotensin plays a role in stimulating the release of aldosterone, but it does not directly affect sodium reabsorption. ADH regulates water reabsorption, not sodium. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, not aldosterone. Therefore, aldosterone is the hormone responsible for the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Addison’s disease?
- A. Salt craving
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hyperpigmentation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Weight gain. Addison's disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to symptoms such as salt craving, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation due to increased melanin production. Weight loss, not weight gain, is commonly associated with Addison's disease due to decreased cortisol levels. Salt craving is due to sodium loss, hypoglycemia results from insufficient cortisol levels, and hyperpigmentation is caused by elevated ACTH levels stimulating melanin production. Weight gain is not a typical symptom, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following organs is affected by thyroid hormone in adults?
- A. liver
- B. spleen
- C. thyroid gland
- D. brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: liver. Thyroid hormone affects the liver by regulating metabolism and energy production. It increases the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The liver plays a crucial role in converting thyroid hormones into their active form.
Summary:
B: The spleen is not directly affected by thyroid hormone.
C: The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone but is not directly affected by it in adults.
D: While the brain is indirectly influenced by thyroid hormone, it is not a primary target organ for its effects in adults.
Antidiuretic hormone _______________.
- A. controls metabolic rate
- B. controls the amount of urine one produces
- C. increases blood sugar
- D. controls reproduction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: controls the amount of urine one produces. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to regulate water reabsorption, thereby controlling the amount of urine produced. It does not control metabolic rate (A), increase blood sugar (C), or control reproduction (D). ADH's main function is to maintain water balance in the body by reducing urine output.
Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the:
- A. neurohypophysis.
- B. pancreas.
- C. anterior pituitary gland.
- D. posterior pituitary gland.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: anterior pituitary gland. Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, where they regulate the release of hormones. Releasing hormones do not target the neurohypophysis (choice A) or the posterior pituitary gland (choice D) directly. They also do not affect the pancreas (choice B) in this context. Thus, the correct answer is the anterior pituitary gland due to its role in receiving and responding to releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.