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A client is experiencing an alteration in the health-perception–health-management pattern and an alteration in the values-beliefs pattern. Which of the following best describes the behavior of this person?
- A. Never sees a physician
- B. Only sees a physician if not feeling well
- C. Sees a physician for screenings only
- D. Sees a physician for follow-up care of a chronic disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Someone with alterations in both health-perception and values-beliefs patterns may only seek care when they are ill, reflecting a reactive approach to health.
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Which of the following is the leading cause of death among women?
- A. Accidents
- B. Cancer
- C. Coronary artery disease
- D. Stroke
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death among women.
What factor should a nurse consider when organizing a stress reduction workshop?
- A. Women experience less workplace stress than men.
- B. A first job causes little stress.
- C. Young adults adapt easily to job demands like telecommuting.
- D. Work is of primary importance and forms young adults’ self-image.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Employment is central to young adults’ self-esteem and social interactions, making it an important factor in stress.
Which of the following is an example of screening?
- A. Obtaining a mammogram
- B. Asking if someone performs self-breast exam
- C. Performing a self-breast exam
- D. Undergoing a needle biopsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mammograms are considered screening methods to detect cancer in asymptomatic individuals.
Risk of injury in older adults: Who is most at risk?
- A. "80-year-old with no fan or air conditioning."
- B. "70-year-old with new dentures."
- C. "68-year-old who can't taste salt in food."
- D. "84-year-old who needs hearing aids."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lack of cooling mechanisms in hot weather increases the risk of heat stroke in older adults.
An elderly client has recently been diagnosed with cancer. The client’s family has asked the nurse to withhold this information from the client because they feel that this information would cause the client to give up on life and become very depressed. The nurse believes the client should be told this information. Which ethical principle is being upheld by the nurse?
- A. Justice
- B. Beneficence
- C. Veracity
- D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Veracity requires truth-telling to support autonomous decision-making and respect for the individual's right to know about their health condition.