Nokea
A client is experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices. What medication does the nurse prepare for administration that mimics the actions of somatostatin that will affect the GI bleeding?
- A. Omeprazole
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Vasopressin
- D. Octreotide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Octreotide mimics the actions of somatostatin and is used to reduce gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly from esophageal varices, requiring fewer blood transfusions. Omeprazole reduces stomach acid, epinephrine affects cardiovascular function, and vasopressin is less preferred due to side effects.
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During physical examination of a client with a suspected endocrine disorder, the nurse assesses the body structures. The nurse gathers this data based on the understanding that it is an important aid in which process?
- A. Detecting evidence of hormone hypersecretion
- B. Detecting information about possible tumor growth
- C. Determining the presence or absence of testosterone levels
- D. Determining the size of the organs and location
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The evaluation of body structures helps detect evidence of hormone hypersecretion or hyposecretion, aiding in the assessment of specific endocrine gland dysfunctions. Radiographs are used to detect tumors or determine organ size and location, while testosterone levels are assessed through blood tests.
A client is being seen in the clinic to receive the results of the lab work to determine thyroid levels. The nurse observes the client's eyes appear to be bulging, and there is swelling around the eyes. What does the nurse know to be the correct documentation of this finding?
- A. Retinal detachment
- B. Periorbital swelling
- C. Bulging eyes
- D. Exophthalmos
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exophthalmos is the correct term for bulging eyes and periorbital swelling, often associated with hyperthyroidism (e.g., Graves' disease). Retinal detachment, periorbital swelling alone, or the vague term 'bulging eyes' are less precise.
A nurse is reading an article that describes the function of the neurohypophysis. The nurse identifies this structure as part of which of the following?
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Pineal gland
- C. Posterior pituitary
- D. Thymus gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The neurohypophysis refers to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. The hypothalamus influences the pituitary, the pineal gland secretes melatonin, and the thymus gland supports T lymphocyte production.
What does the nurse understand will be released to maintain a relatively constant level of blood sugar in a client with normal function of the pancreas?
- A. Cortisol
- B. Glucagon
- C. Insulin
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Somatostatin, secreted by pancreatic delta cells, inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon, helping maintain stable blood sugar levels. Cortisol, glucagon, and insulin have more direct roles in raising or lowering blood sugar.
A client is scheduled to have a test to determine thyroid function. What should the nurse ask the client prior to scheduling the testing?
- A. If the client has had a diagnostic test that used iodine within the last 3 months
- B. If the client is able to pay for the testing or has insurance coverage
- C. If the client is drinking adequate amounts of fluid daily
- D. If the client is taking birth control pills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ask about recent diagnostic tests using iodine, as these can interfere with thyroid function tests. Payment ability, fluid intake, and birth control pills are not relevant to thyroid testing accuracy.