Nokea
A client has a dysfunction in one of his glands that is causing a decrease in the level of calcium in the blood. The nurse knows which gland should be evaluated for dysfunction?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Parathyroid gland
- C. Thymus gland
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The parathyroid glands secrete parathormone, which increases blood calcium levels when serum calcium decreases. The thyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands do not primarily regulate calcium levels.
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What does the nurse understand will be released to maintain a relatively constant level of blood sugar in a client with normal function of the pancreas?
- A. Cortisol
- B. Glucagon
- C. Insulin
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Somatostatin, secreted by pancreatic delta cells, inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon, helping maintain stable blood sugar levels. Cortisol, glucagon, and insulin have more direct roles in raising or lowering blood sugar.
A client is experiencing an increase in blood glucose levels. The nurse understands that which of the following hormones would be important in lowering the client's blood glucose level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Parathormone
- C. Melatonin
- D. Calcitonin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, released by the beta islet cells of the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels when they rise above normal. Parathormone regulates calcium levels, melatonin influences sleep cycles and mood, and calcitonin inhibits calcium release from bones.
The nurse is caring for a client having chronic pain from arthritis. What type of hormone is released in response to the stress of this pain that suppresses inflammation and helps the body withstand stress?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Mineralocorticoids
- C. Glucocorticoids
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are released by the adrenal cortex to suppress inflammation and help the body cope with stress, such as chronic pain from arthritis. Testosterone, mineralocorticoids, and estrogen have different functions.
A group of students is reviewing for a test on hormones. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they state which of the following as being secreted by the kidneys?
- A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
- B. Estrogen
- C. Renin
- D. Gastrin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys release renin and erythropoietin. Atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted by the atria of the heart, estrogen by the ovaries and placenta during pregnancy, and gastrin by the stomach to increase hydrochloric acid production.
The nurse is attempting to locate the thyroid gland of a client in order to determine if it is enlarged. Where should the nurse palpate the thyroid gland?
- A. Mid trachea
- B. Distal to the carotid arteries
- C. The lower neck anterior to the trachea
- D. The upper neck posterior to the trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid gland is located in the lower neck anterior to the trachea, divided into two lateral lobes joined by the isthmus. Palpation in this area helps assess for enlargement.