Nokea
A client has a decreased level of thyroid hormone being excreted. What will the feedback loop do to maintain the level of thyroid hormone required to remain homeostatic stability?
- A. Stimulate more hormones using the negative feedback system
- B. Stimulate more hormones using the positive feedback system
- C. Produce a new hormone to regulate the thyroid function
- D. Be unable to perform in response to low levels of thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most hormones, including thyroid hormones, are regulated by negative feedback, where a decrease in hormone levels stimulates the releasing gland (e.g., the pituitary) to secrete more thyroid-stimulating hormone to restore homeostasis.
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The nurse is attempting to locate the thyroid gland of a client in order to determine if it is enlarged. Where should the nurse palpate the thyroid gland?
- A. Mid trachea
- B. Distal to the carotid arteries
- C. The lower neck anterior to the trachea
- D. The upper neck posterior to the trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid gland is located in the lower neck anterior to the trachea, divided into two lateral lobes joined by the isthmus. Palpation in this area helps assess for enlargement.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who developed hypoglycemia. What can the nurse administer to the client to raise the blood sugar level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisone
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while cortisone and estrogen do not directly affect blood glucose levels.
The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client with a disorder of the thyroid gland. Which diagnostic test will the nurse expect the physician to order to evaluate thyroid hormones?
- A. Magnetic resonance imaging
- B. Radioimmunoassay
- C. Computed tomography (CT)
- D. Cortisol level determination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A radioimmunoassay evaluates thyroid hormone function, specifically T3 and T4 levels. A CT or magnetic resonance imaging scan is used to detect a suspected tumor and to determine organ size and placement. Cortisol levels are used to assess adrenal function, not thyroid function.
The nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty with falling asleep and staying asleep. The nurse suggests the client try over-the-counter melatonin to help with this issue. The nurse explains that what gland is responsible for the decreased secretion of melatonin?
- A. Pineal
- B. Adrenal
- C. Thyroid
- D. Thymus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles and mood. Decreased melatonin secretion can contribute to sleep difficulties. The adrenal, thyroid, and thymus glands do not secrete melatonin.
An instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a class on the various pituitary hormones. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
- A. Somatotropin
- B. Prolactin
- C. Oxytocin
- D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. Somatotropin, prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.