Nokea
An instructor has just finished teaching a class about the endocrine system. The instructor determines that the students need additional instruction when they identify which of the following as an endocrine gland?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Adrenal gland
- C. Testes
- D. Kidneys
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although the kidneys secrete renin and erythropoietin, they are not typically considered endocrine glands. The pancreas, adrenal glands, and testes are recognized as endocrine glands due to their primary role in hormone secretion.
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The nurse is attempting to locate the thyroid gland of a client in order to determine if it is enlarged. Where should the nurse palpate the thyroid gland?
- A. Mid trachea
- B. Distal to the carotid arteries
- C. The lower neck anterior to the trachea
- D. The upper neck posterior to the trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid gland is located in the lower neck anterior to the trachea, divided into two lateral lobes joined by the isthmus. Palpation in this area helps assess for enlargement.
During physical examination of a client with a suspected endocrine disorder, the nurse assesses the body structures. The nurse gathers this data based on the understanding that it is an important aid in which process?
- A. Detecting evidence of hormone hypersecretion
- B. Detecting information about possible tumor growth
- C. Determining the presence or absence of testosterone levels
- D. Determining the size of the organs and location
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The evaluation of body structures helps detect evidence of hormone hypersecretion or hyposecretion, aiding in the assessment of specific endocrine gland dysfunctions. Radiographs are used to detect tumors or determine organ size and location, while testosterone levels are assessed through blood tests.
The nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory studies and determines that the client has an elevated calcium level. What does the nurse know will occur as a result of the rise in the serum calcium level?
- A. A rise in serum calcium stimulates the release of T lymphocytes.
- B. A rise in serum calcium stimulates the release of erythropoietin.
- C. A rise in serum calcium inhibits the release of calcitonin.
- D. A rise in serum calcium stimulates the release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A rise in serum calcium stimulates the thyroid gland to release calcitonin, which inhibits calcium release from bones to lower blood calcium levels and maintain homeostasis.
A client is being seen in the clinic to receive the results of the lab work to determine thyroid levels. The nurse observes the client's eyes appear to be bulging, and there is swelling around the eyes. What does the nurse know to be the correct documentation of this finding?
- A. Retinal detachment
- B. Periorbital swelling
- C. Bulging eyes
- D. Exophthalmos
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exophthalmos is the correct term for bulging eyes and periorbital swelling, often associated with hyperthyroidism (e.g., Graves' disease). Retinal detachment, periorbital swelling alone, or the vague term 'bulging eyes' are less precise.
The nurse is caring for a client with an immunodeficiency disorder. Lab results show that the client does not have an adequate number of T lymphocytes needed to improve immune function. Which gland should be investigated for dysfunction?
- A. Thymus
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Thyroid
- D. Adrenal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The thymus gland secretes thymosin and thymopoietin, which are essential for T lymphocyte development, critical for immune function. The parathyroid, thyroid, and adrenal glands do not directly influence T lymphocyte production.