Nokea
A group of students is reviewing material about endocrine system function. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as secreted by the adrenal medulla?
- A. Glucocorticoids
- B. Mineralocorticoids
- C. Glucagon
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are produced by the adrenal cortex, while glucagon is secreted by the pancreas.
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During physical examination of a client with a suspected endocrine disorder, the nurse assesses the body structures. The nurse gathers this data based on the understanding that it is an important aid in which process?
- A. Detecting evidence of hormone hypersecretion
- B. Detecting information about possible tumor growth
- C. Determining the presence or absence of testosterone levels
- D. Determining the size of the organs and location
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The evaluation of body structures helps detect evidence of hormone hypersecretion or hyposecretion, aiding in the assessment of specific endocrine gland dysfunctions. Radiographs are used to detect tumors or determine organ size and location, while testosterone levels are assessed through blood tests.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who developed hypoglycemia. What can the nurse administer to the client to raise the blood sugar level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisone
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while cortisone and estrogen do not directly affect blood glucose levels.
A client is experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices. What medication does the nurse prepare for administration that mimics the actions of somatostatin that will affect the GI bleeding?
- A. Omeprazole
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Vasopressin
- D. Octreotide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Octreotide mimics the actions of somatostatin and is used to reduce gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly from esophageal varices, requiring fewer blood transfusions. Omeprazole reduces stomach acid, epinephrine affects cardiovascular function, and vasopressin is less preferred due to side effects.
A client is being seen in the clinic to receive the results of the lab work to determine thyroid levels. The nurse observes the client's eyes appear to be bulging, and there is swelling around the eyes. What does the nurse know to be the correct documentation of this finding?
- A. Retinal detachment
- B. Periorbital swelling
- C. Bulging eyes
- D. Exophthalmos
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exophthalmos is the correct term for bulging eyes and periorbital swelling, often associated with hyperthyroidism (e.g., Graves' disease). Retinal detachment, periorbital swelling alone, or the vague term 'bulging eyes' are less precise.
The nurse is caring for a client with an immunodeficiency disorder. Lab results show that the client does not have an adequate number of T lymphocytes needed to improve immune function. Which gland should be investigated for dysfunction?
- A. Thymus
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Thyroid
- D. Adrenal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The thymus gland secretes thymosin and thymopoietin, which are essential for T lymphocyte development, critical for immune function. The parathyroid, thyroid, and adrenal glands do not directly influence T lymphocyte production.