Nokea
The nurse should inform the client that oxytocin's function in the body is to do what?
- A. It causes production and secretion of thyroid hormones.
- B. It increases blood calcium by stimulating calcium release from the bone and decreases the blood phosphate level.
- C. It stimulates bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis and fat mobilization.
- D. It stimulates the contraction of the pregnant uterus before birth and stimulates the release of breast milk after childbirth.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxytocin, secreted by the posterior pituitary, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and breast milk release postpartum. The other options describe functions of thyroid-stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, and somatotropin, respectively.
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A client is admitted to the hospital and will be undergoing tests to determine if an abdominal mass is present. What should the nurse be sure to document when asking about allergies?
- A. If the client is allergic to beef
- B. If the client is allergic to pork
- C. If the client is allergic to shellfish
- D. If the client is allergic to grapefruit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must document allergies to iodine or shellfish, as these can react with contrast dyes used in imaging tests for abdominal masses. Allergies to beef, pork, or grapefruit are not relevant to contrast dye safety.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who developed hypoglycemia. What can the nurse administer to the client to raise the blood sugar level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisone
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while cortisone and estrogen do not directly affect blood glucose levels.
A nursing student asks the instructor why the pituitary gland is called the 'master gland.' What is the best response by the instructor?
- A. It regulates the function of other endocrine glands.
- B. It is the gland that is responsible for regulating the hypothalamus.
- C. The gland does not have any other function other than to cause secretion of the growth hormones.
- D. It regulates metabolism.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates the function of other endocrine glands through its hormone secretions. However, the hypothalamus influences the pituitary, and the pituitary secretes multiple hormones beyond growth hormone, not just regulating metabolism.
The nurse is caring for a client having chronic pain from arthritis. What type of hormone is released in response to the stress of this pain that suppresses inflammation and helps the body withstand stress?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Mineralocorticoids
- C. Glucocorticoids
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are released by the adrenal cortex to suppress inflammation and help the body cope with stress, such as chronic pain from arthritis. Testosterone, mineralocorticoids, and estrogen have different functions.
A client has a decreased level of thyroid hormone being excreted. What will the feedback loop do to maintain the level of thyroid hormone required to remain homeostatic stability?
- A. Stimulate more hormones using the negative feedback system
- B. Stimulate more hormones using the positive feedback system
- C. Produce a new hormone to regulate the thyroid function
- D. Be unable to perform in response to low levels of thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most hormones, including thyroid hormones, are regulated by negative feedback, where a decrease in hormone levels stimulates the releasing gland (e.g., the pituitary) to secrete more thyroid-stimulating hormone to restore homeostasis.