ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam

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A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy and receiving education from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

  • A. I can have clear liquids up to 2 hours before the procedure.
  • B. I need to take a laxative the night before the procedure.
  • C. I will be sedated during the procedure.
  • D. I should avoid eating solid foods for 24 hours before the procedure.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the statement indicates a need for further teaching. The client should avoid solid foods for a specific period, usually 24 hours, before a colonoscopy to ensure a clear view of the colon. This helps the healthcare provider to perform the procedure effectively and reduces the risk of complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because having clear liquids up to 2 hours before, taking a laxative the night before, and being sedated during the procedure are all standard preparations for a colonoscopy and do not indicate a need for further teaching.

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A patient is receiving discharge instructions after experiencing a stroke. Which instruction is most important for preventing another stroke?

  • A. Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly.
  • B. Engage in physical therapy exercises.
  • C. Follow a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
  • D. Attend regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly. This is the most important instruction for preventing another stroke because hypertension is a major risk factor for strokes. By controlling blood pressure with antihypertensive medications, the patient can significantly reduce the risk of another stroke. Engaging in physical therapy exercises (choice B) can be beneficial for overall recovery but is not as critical for stroke prevention as managing blood pressure. Following a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (choice C) is important for heart health but not the most crucial for stroke prevention. Attending regular follow-up appointments (choice D) is essential for monitoring progress and adjusting treatment but does not directly prevent another stroke like managing hypertension does.

The nurse is caring for a client with trigeminal neuralgia. To assist the client with nutrition needs, the nurse should:

  • A. Offer small meals of high calorie soft food.
  • B. Assist the client to sit in a chair for meals.
  • C. Provide additional servings of fruits and raw vegetables.
  • D. Encourage the client to eat fish, liver and chicken.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Soft foods minimize facial muscle movement, reducing pain.

What is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?

  • A. Otitis media
  • B. Temporal bone fractures
  • C. Otitis externa
  • D. Vascular conditions
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vascular conditions impair blood supply to the cochlea, causing sensorineural hearing loss.

The main action of luteinizing hormone is:

  • A. Beginning of menses
  • B. Menopause
  • C. Ovulation
  • D. Pregnancy
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation, releasing the mature egg from the ovary.

What is a typical parasomnia?

  • A. Cataplexy
  • B. Hypopnea
  • C. Sleep apnea
  • D. Sleep terrors
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Sleep terrors are a classic example of parasomnias, which are abnormal behaviors during sleep. Cataplexy (A) is associated with narcolepsy, hypopnea (B) refers to shallow breathing, and sleep apnea (C) involves breathing interruptions.

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