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The nurse is providing education on a medical abortion. How would she describe the action of the medications?
- A. Medications thicken the lining of the uterus and decrease uterine contractions.
- B. Medications stop the fetal heart and induce contractions.
- C. Medications soften the cervix, cause uterine lining necrosis, and induce contractions.
- D. Medications thicken the cervix and the uterine lining.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Medications used in a medical abortion typically consist of a combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol. The action of these medications involves three main effects: softening the cervix to facilitate the expulsion of the pregnancy tissue, causing necrosis of the uterine lining to disrupt the pregnancy, and inducing contractions to expel the contents of the uterus. This process is different from a surgical abortion, which involves a procedure to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus.
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A 35-year-old patient comes to the clinic 2 days after a tubal ligation. She complains of abdominal pain and swelling and redness at the surgical incision. What does the nurse know is a common complication of this procedure?
- A. Ileus
- B. Liver enlargement
- C. Constipation
- D. Infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infection is a common complication after tubal ligation, indicated by redness and swelling at the surgical site. Choice A is incorrect as ileus is a bowel obstruction, not typically a complication of tubal ligation. Choice B, liver enlargement, is unrelated to tubal ligation. Choice C, constipation, may be a side effect but is not a primary concern after this procedure.
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of birth control pills?
- A. They block sperm from reaching the egg.
- B. They prevent ovulation by suppressing hormone levels.
- C. They increase cervical mucus production to block sperm entry.
- D. They reduce the size of the ovaries and fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Birth control pills primarily work by preventing ovulation, thereby inhibiting the release of eggs for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because birth control pills do not directly block sperm; they prevent ovulation. Choice C is partially correct but is not the main mechanism, as the primary function is to prevent ovulation. Choice D is incorrect because birth control pills do not alter the size of reproductive organs.
A patient is taking oral contraceptives and asks whether they will still be effective if she has diarrhea. What should the nurse respond?
- A. Oral contraceptives will still work if taken with food.
- B. Oral contraceptives may be less effective during diarrhea due to absorption issues.
- C. Oral contraceptives need to be stopped for 7 days when experiencing diarrhea.
- D. Oral contraceptives will be more effective during diarrhea due to faster metabolism.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diarrhea can reduce the absorption of oral contraceptives, potentially making them less effective. Choice A is incorrect because food does not always affect oral contraceptive absorption. Choice C is incorrect because there is no need to stop the contraceptives, but additional methods may be recommended during diarrhea. Choice D is incorrect because diarrhea does not increase the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
A 23-year-old female patient is considering intrauterine device (IUD) contraception. What is the most important information to assess before placement?
- A. Is there any family history of heart disease?
- B. Are you allergic to any metals?
- C. Have you had any previous IUDs inserted?
- D. Do you have a history of hypertension?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The IUD may contain metal components, and it's crucial to check for any metal allergies before placement. Choice A, family history of heart disease, is not directly related to IUD use. Choice C is incorrect because previous IUD insertion is not as crucial as identifying an allergy to the materials in the IUD. Choice D is incorrect because hypertension is not a contraindication for IUD use, though it should be monitored.
A young girl comes to the OB-GYN office to begin contraception. What is the most important information the nurse should find in the history before starting a contraceptive?
- A. Do your cramps prevent you from daily activities?
- B. When was your last menstrual period?
- C. How much water do you drink?
- D. How many pads do you soak per day during your cycle?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cramps that interfere with daily activities could indicate underlying issues that need to be addressed before starting contraception. This is a priority because it could suggest a need for further evaluation or treatment before prescribing a contraceptive method. Choice B is important but less critical than assessing the impact of menstrual symptoms on daily life. Choice C, while important for overall health, does not have a direct impact on contraception planning. Choice D is less useful in this context compared to understanding how menstrual symptoms affect daily functioning.