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A client with a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism is being taught about medication management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should take your medication with a high-fiber meal.
- B. You should take your medication on an empty stomach.
- C. You should take your medication with a calcium supplement.
- D. You should take your medication before bedtime.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication on an empty stomach.' When educating a client with hypothyroidism, it is essential to advise taking thyroid medication on an empty stomach to enhance absorption and effectiveness. Taking the medication with food, especially high-fiber or with supplements like calcium, can interfere with absorption and reduce its efficacy. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to follow the recommendation of taking the medication on an empty stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking the medication with a high-fiber meal (Choice A) or with a calcium supplement (Choice C) can hinder absorption, and taking it before bedtime (Choice D) does not optimize absorption compared to taking it on an empty stomach.
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The physician has ordered a low-fat diet for a client with cholecystitis. The nurse recognizes that the client understands the dietary teaching if he selects:
- A. Fried chicken, mashed potatoes, and gravy
- B. Broiled fish, steamed carrots, and rice
- C. Scrambled eggs, bacon, and toast
- D. Hamburger, French fries, and coleslaw
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Broiled fish, steamed carrots, and rice align with a low-fat diet for cholecystitis, minimizing gallbladder stimulation fried, fatty foods (chicken, bacon, hamburger) worsen inflammation. Nurses reinforce this choice, reducing pain and aiding recovery in gallbladder disease management.
The nurse manager is conducting an educational session for the nurses on non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers ( $\beta$ blockers). How should the nurse manager accurately describe the mechanism of action of these medications? List the options in order from first to last.
- A. Heart rate and blood pressure are decreased
- B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine actions are blocked
- C. Betaâ‚ and betaâ‚‚ receptor sites are blocked
- D. Cardiac workload and oxygen demand decreases
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) inhibit the sympathetic nervous system's effects on betaâ‚ (heart) and betaâ‚‚ (lungs, vessels) receptors. The mechanism sequence is: (1) Betaâ‚ and betaâ‚‚ receptor sites are blocked (C), (2) Epinephrine and norepinephrine actions are blocked (B), (3) Heart rate and blood pressure are decreased (A), (4) Cardiac workload and oxygen demand decreases (D). Blocking beta receptors (C) is the initial step, preventing catecholamines (B) from binding, which reduces heart rate and vasoconstriction (A), ultimately lowering myocardial oxygen demand (D). Incorrect sequencing, like starting with heart rate reduction, skips the pharmacological basis. The CSV requires one answer, so C is chosen as the foundational step. Rationale: Beta blockade directly inhibits receptor activation, a primary action taught in pharmacology education, leading to downstream effects critical for conditions like hypertension or angina, ensuring nurses understand the drug's systemic impact.
The nurse informed the doctor that Mr. Gary does not want a certain procedure. This is an example of?
- A. Advocacy
- B. Fidelity
- C. Veracity
- D. Justice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Informing the doctor of Mr. Gary's refusal is advocacy (A) upholding his rights, per nursing. Fidelity (B) promises, veracity (C) truth, justice (D) fairness not refusal-based. A supports autonomy, making it correct.
When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of hepatitis about dietary management, which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Increase your intake of high-protein foods.
- B. Decrease your intake of high-protein foods.
- C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. Increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a client with hepatitis, it is important to decrease the intake of high-protein foods. High-protein foods can be harder for the liver to process and may exacerbate symptoms or contribute to liver damage. Recommending a diet with moderate protein intake is beneficial for managing symptoms and promoting liver health. Choice A is incorrect as increasing high-protein foods can strain the liver. Choice C is not directly related to hepatitis unless there is an intolerance present. Choice D is also incorrect because increasing dairy products may not be suitable for all individuals with hepatitis, especially if there are underlying liver conditions that could be aggravated by certain dairy components.
A client has a new diagnosis of lactose intolerance and is receiving teaching from a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- B. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement for the nurse to include in teaching a client with lactose intolerance is to avoid foods that contain lactose. Lactose intolerance results from the body's inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. By avoiding foods containing lactose, the client can manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with lactose intolerance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of high-fiber foods (choice B) may be beneficial for general health but is not directly related to lactose intolerance. Avoiding gluten (choice C) is necessary for individuals with celiac disease, not lactose intolerance. Increasing intake of dairy products (choice D) would worsen symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance due to the lactose content.