LPN Nursing Fundamentals

LPN Nursing Fundamentals Related

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A client with a new diagnosis of pancreatitis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

  • A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
  • B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
  • C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
  • D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching a client with pancreatitis is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. This dietary modification is crucial in managing symptoms and preventing exacerbations of pancreatitis. High-fat foods can put a strain on the pancreas, potentially leading to further complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen pancreatitis. Choice C is unrelated to pancreatitis management, as lactose intolerance is not directly linked to pancreatitis. Choice D is also incorrect, as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all individuals with pancreatitis due to the fat content in many dairy products.

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Which of the following is TRUE about the mechanism of action of the Aortic and Carotid bodies?

  • A. If the BP is elevated, the RR increases
  • B. If the BP is elevated, the RR decreases
  • C. Elevated BP leads to Metabolic alkalosis
  • D. Low BP leads to Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aortic and carotid bodies, chemoreceptors, slow respiration when BP rises e.g., baroreceptors signal reduced need for O2 delivery. Increased RR (hypoxia), alkalosis (pH), or acidosis (metabolic) misalign. Nurses note this e.g., in hypertension for respiratory adjustments, per cardiovascular interplay.

A client has a new diagnosis of hypertension and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included by the healthcare provider?

  • A. Increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
  • B. Decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
  • C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
  • D. Increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.' When managing hypertension, reducing the intake of sodium-rich foods is essential. Excessive sodium can contribute to increased blood pressure, which is why limiting its consumption is crucial to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing sodium intake would exacerbate hypertension, avoiding lactose is unrelated to managing hypertension, and increasing dairy product intake does not specifically address the issue of sodium intake in hypertension management.

The nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. Which finding suggests increasing intracranial pressure?

  • A. Pulse rate of 100
  • B. Widening pulse pressure
  • C. Respiratory rate of 20
  • D. Temperature of 99°F
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Widening pulse pressure (e.g., 140/60) indicates rising intracranial pressure post-head injury, reflecting Cushing's triad with bradycardia and respiratory changes pulse, respiration, or mild fever alone don't confirm this. Nurses report this, signaling brain herniation risk, necessitating urgent intervention like mannitol or surgery.

Mr. Gary is worried about his safety after a robbery. This is an example of which Maslow's need?

  • A. Physiological
  • B. Safety
  • C. Belongingness
  • D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Worrying about safety post-robbery is Safety (B) Maslow's second level, security needs. Physiological (A) is basic survival, belongingness (C) social, self-actualization (D) fulfillment not safety-focused. B fits protection concern, making it correct.

The nurse is caring for a client following a TURP. The client's catheter becomes obstructed. The nurse should:

  • A. Notify the physician immediately
  • B. Increase the flow rate of the irrigating solution
  • C. Milk the catheter to remove the obstruction
  • D. Remove the catheter and replace it with a new one
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Notifying the physician immediately for an obstructed catheter post-TURP prevents bladder distention or bleeding increasing flow risks pressure, milking may dislodge clots unsafely, and removal isn't nurse-initiated. Nurses act fast, ensuring patency, critical in urologic surgery.

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