LPN Nursing Fundamentals

LPN Nursing Fundamentals Related

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A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

  • A. You should avoid foods that contain carbohydrates.
  • B. You should decrease your intake of high-fiber foods.
  • C. You should increase your intake of high-protein foods.
  • D. You should monitor your carbohydrate intake.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'You should monitor your carbohydrate intake.' Monitoring carbohydrate intake is essential for managing blood glucose levels in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. By monitoring carbohydrate intake, individuals can make informed decisions about their dietary choices and better control their blood sugar levels. Avoiding foods that contain carbohydrates (choice A) is not advisable as carbohydrates are an essential nutrient that can be consumed in moderation. Decreasing intake of high-fiber foods (choice B) is not recommended as fiber is beneficial for glycemic control and overall health. Increasing intake of high-protein foods (choice C) is not the primary focus of dietary management for type 2 diabetes; while protein is important, it is more crucial to monitor carbohydrate intake for effective blood sugar management.

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Florence nightingale is born in

  • A. Germany
  • B. Britain
  • C. France
  • D. Italy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Florence Nightingale was born May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy, to British parents named for her birthplace. She trained in Germany and worked in Britain, not France. Her Italian origin ties to her environmental theory's roots, shaping nursing's global history and Crimean legacy.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about profession according to Marie Jahoda?

  • A. A profession is an organization of an occupational group based on the application of special knowledge
  • B. It serves specific interest of a group
  • C. It is altruistic
  • D. Quality of work is of greater importance than the rewards
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Marie Jahoda, a 20th-century psychologist, defined a profession as an organized group applying specialized knowledge for the broader community's benefit, not just a specific subset. She emphasized altruism (serving others selflessly) and prioritizing work quality over rewards, traits nursing exemplifies through education and care standards. The idea that a profession serves only a specific group's interests contradicts her view professions like nursing aim for universal welfare, such as public health initiatives. This distinction often appears in licensure exams, highlighting nursing's societal role over narrow advocacy, aligning with its ethical and professional identity.

The physician has ordered a low-fat diet for a client with cholecystitis. The nurse recognizes that the client understands the dietary teaching if he selects:

  • A. Fried chicken, mashed potatoes, and gravy
  • B. Broiled fish, steamed carrots, and rice
  • C. Scrambled eggs, bacon, and toast
  • D. Hamburger, French fries, and coleslaw
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Broiled fish, steamed carrots, and rice align with a low-fat diet for cholecystitis, minimizing gallbladder stimulation fried, fatty foods (chicken, bacon, hamburger) worsen inflammation. Nurses reinforce this choice, reducing pain and aiding recovery in gallbladder disease management.

Prescriptive theories:

  • A. Have the ability to explain, relate and in some situations predict nursing phenomena
  • B. Describe phenomena
  • C. Provide a structural framework for broad abstract ideas
  • D. Reflect practice and address specific phenomena
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prescriptive theories in nursing specify actions for specific situations, reflecting practice and addressing phenomena like pain management with concrete interventions (e.g., administer analgesics). Unlike descriptive theories, which only describe (e.g., pain's nature), or explanatory ones, which explain and predict (e.g., why pain occurs), prescriptive theories guide what nurses should do, offering practical direction. Explaining, relating, and predicting fit mid-range or grand theories, not prescriptive ones' narrow focus. Providing a broad framework suits grand theories (e.g., Orem's), not prescriptive specificity. Reflecting practice and addressing phenomena captures prescriptive theories' role bridging theory to actionable care, like protocols for patient symptoms, making this the most precise definition in nursing theory application.

Which of the following behaviors by Nurse Jane Robles demonstrates that she understands well the elements of effecting charting?

  • A. She signs her charting as follows: J.R
  • B. She writes in the chart using a no. 2 pencils.
  • C. She noted: appetite is good this afternoon.
  • D. She signs on the medication sheet after administering the medication.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Effective charting requires accuracy, clarity, and accountability, adhering to legal and professional standards. Signing the medication sheet after administering medication, as Nurse Jane does, exemplifies this by confirming the intervention occurred, ensuring patient safety, and providing a verifiable record. This practice aligns with the 'Five Rights' of medication administration and reduces error risks, such as double-dosing. Conversely, signing as 'J.R.' lacks full identification (name and title), compromising accountability. Using a pencil risks erasure or alteration, undermining record integrity, as permanent ink is standard. Noting 'appetite is good' is subjective and lacks detail (e.g., meal percentage consumed), reducing its clinical value. Nurse Jane's action of signing post-medication administration reflects a strong grasp of charting's role in care continuity and safety, making it the best demonstration of effective documentation principles.

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