Nokea
A client with hyperlipidemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of foods high in saturated fats.
- B. I should decrease my intake of foods high in cholesterol.
- C. I should increase my intake of foods high in trans fats.
- D. I should decrease my intake of foods high in fiber.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In hyperlipidemia management, decreasing the intake of foods high in cholesterol is crucial to improve lipid levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Choices A and C are incorrect as increasing intake of saturated fats or trans fats can raise cholesterol levels, worsening the condition. Choice D is incorrect because decreasing intake of foods high in fiber is not recommended as fiber-rich foods are beneficial for heart health, which is important in managing hyperlipidemia.
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Which of the following statement clearly defines therapeutic communication?
- A. Therapeutic communication is an interaction process which is primarily directed by the nurse
- B. It conveys feeling of warmth, acceptance and empathy from the nurse to a patient in relaxed atmosphere
- C. Therapeutic communication is a reciprocal interaction based on trust and aimed at identifying patient needs and developing mutual goals
- D. Therapeutic communication is an assessment component of the nursing process
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Therapeutic communication (C) is reciprocal, trust-based, and goal-oriented, per Peplau, identifying needs and setting mutual goals. Nurse-directed (A) lacks reciprocity, warmth (B) is partial, assessment (D) narrows scope. C fully defines it, making it correct.
He proposed the theory of morality that is based on MUTUAL TRUST
- A. Freud
- B. Erikson
- C. Kohlberg
- D. Peters
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory, from the 1950s, hinges on mutual trust e.g., a child learns fairness through reciprocal relationships. Freud's psychoanalysis, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and Peters' principle-based morality differ. Kohlberg's stages premoral (reward/punishment), conventional (social norms), post-conventional (personal ethics) explain moral growth, influencing nursing ethics education on trust-based patient interactions.
Which of the following is responsible for the rhythm and quality of breathing?
- A. Medulla oblongata
- B. Pons
- C. Carotid bodies
- D. Aortic bodies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The medulla oblongata's respiratory center sets breathing rhythm and depth e.g., 12-20 breaths/min via dorsal and ventral groups. Pons refines, carotid/aortic bodies adjust via chemo input. Nurses assess this e.g., in COPD for foundational respiratory function, per neurophysiology.
What is a dynamic balance among the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life?
- A. Health
- B. Wellness
- C. Holism
- D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wellness is a dynamic balance of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects, reflecting an active pursuit of optimal living like exercising, managing stress, connecting socially, and finding purpose. Health is a broader state of well-being, per WHO, not inherently dynamic. Holism is a care philosophy addressing all dimensions, not the state itself. Health promotion involves interventions to improve health, not the balance. Wellness captures an individual's journey toward harmony, as when a nurse helps a client integrate diet (physical), support groups (social), coping skills (psychological), and values (spiritual). This concept guides nursing to foster resilience and fulfillment, distinct from static health or care approaches, emphasizing personal agency in thriving.
Which of the following is NOT true about post mortem care?
- A. The body should be placed in a morgue within 1 hour
- B. Wash hands before and after care
- C. Remove tubes and soiled linens
- D. Close the eyes and mouth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Body to morgue within 1 hour (A) isn't true no strict universal timing, per facility policy. Hand washing (B), tube removal (C), and closing eyes/mouth (D) are standard. A's rigidity misaligns with flexible care, making it untrue.