Nokea
A client with multiple sclerosis is receiving baclofen (Lioresal). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Muscle spasms
- C. Drowsiness
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drowsiness. Baclofen, a muscle relaxant commonly used to treat conditions like multiple sclerosis, can cause drowsiness as a side effect. Monitoring for drowsiness is important to ensure the client's safety and well-being. Choice A, Hypertension, is incorrect because baclofen is not known to cause hypertension. Choice B, Muscle spasms, is not a common side effect of baclofen but rather the symptom it is used to treat. Choice D, Tachycardia, is also incorrect as baclofen is not associated with causing an increase in heart rate.
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Mark, 9 months old, is given oral rehydration solution because of diarrhea with some dehydration. In your follow-up visit, you observed that Mark's eyes become puffy. Which one of the following would you advise Mark's mother?
- A. continue giving ORS but more slowly
- B. show mother how much solution to give
- C. stop ORS and give plain water or milk
- D. reassess patient to determine how much ORS to give
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, observing puffy eyes in a child being treated with oral rehydration solution may indicate fluid overload. Continuing to give ORS but more slowly is the correct course of action as it helps manage hydration without overloading fluids. Choice B is not the best option in this situation as the issue is not about the quantity of the solution, but the rate of administration. Choice C is incorrect because plain water or milk is not a suitable alternative for rehydration in cases of dehydration. Choice D is also incorrect as reassessing the patient does not directly address the issue of puffy eyes, which suggests a need to adjust the administration of ORS.
Iwa, two years old, was brought to the health center because of diarrhea for 4 days. Assessment revealed that Iwa has under-nutrition. Which of the following actions will you take?
- A. Advise the mother to give milk and juices between meals at home
- B. Give nutritious food available at home
- C. Refer to the hospital for proper management
- D. Provide mother with ORS solution and show her how to give the solution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a child with under-nutrition and diarrhea, advising the mother to give milk and juices between meals at home is the appropriate action. This helps address the nutritional needs of the child while also providing hydration. Option B, giving nutritious food available at home, may not be sufficient in addressing immediate needs such as dehydration. Option C, referring to the hospital, may be necessary in severe cases but is not the first-line action. Option D, providing ORS solution, is important but does not directly address the under-nutrition concern.
What does the term 'social determinants of health' refer to?
- A. Genetic predispositions
- B. Lifestyle choices
- C. Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age
- D. Access to medical care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term 'social determinants of health' refers to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. This includes factors like socioeconomic status, education, physical environment, employment, and social support networks. These factors have a significant impact on health outcomes. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because genetic predispositions, lifestyle choices, and access to medical care, although important, are not encompassed by the term 'social determinants of health.'
The milk code aims to ensure that:
- A. the public receives accurate information about breastmilk and breastfeeding
- B. health workers do not provide samples of infant formula to pregnant women or mothers of infants
- C. companies consistently recognize the superiority of breastmilk
- D. health workers do not accept any incentives from milk companies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the milk code emphasizes that companies should always acknowledge the superiority of breastmilk over formula. Choice A is incorrect because the focus is not on the public receiving information, but rather on companies recognizing breastmilk's superiority. Choice B is incorrect as it addresses health workers' actions, not the companies' behavior. Choice D is incorrect as the milk code is primarily concerned with regulating companies' practices, not health workers' acceptance of incentives.
The nurse is teaching a 27-year-old client with asthma about the management of their therapeutic regimen. Which statement would indicate the need for additional instruction?
- A. ''I should monitor my peak flow every day.''
- B. ''I should contact the clinic if I am using my medication more often.''
- C. ''I need to limit my exercise, especially activities such as walking and running.''
- D. ''I should learn stress reduction and relaxation techniques.''
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise, especially aerobic activities, is beneficial for clients with asthma as long as it is well-managed. Limiting exercise is not generally recommended unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider, indicating a need for further instruction in this case. Monitoring peak flow, contacting the clinic for increased medication use, and learning stress reduction techniques are all appropriate self-management strategies for asthma, indicating good understanding by the client.