First Aid Cardiovascular Drugs Quizlet

First Aid Cardiovascular Drugs Quizlet Related

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A client with severe depression has sleep disturbance and anorexia. The nurse’s planning will be enhanced by understanding that these symptoms may be attributed to dysfunction of the:

  • A. Cerebellum
  • B. Basal ganglia
  • C. Hypothalamus
  • D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating sleep, appetite, and other basic functions related to survival. Dysfunction in the hypothalamus can lead to sleep disturbances and anorexia, as seen in severe depression. The other choices (A, B, and D) are not directly responsible for regulating sleep and appetite, making them incorrect in this context. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination, the basal ganglia in motor control and habit formation, and the occipital lobe in visual processing.

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The client is taking a calcium channel blocker for an arrhythmia. What is a contraindication to giving the client this drug?

  • A. Hypertension
  • B. First degree AV block
  • C. Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome
  • D. Glaucoma
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In WPW syndrome, calcium channel blockers can worsen arrhythmias by enhancing accessory pathway conduction.

A patient has Stage III essential hypertension. After evaluating the responses to several other antihypertensive drugs, alone and in combination, the physician places the patient on oral hydralazine. Which of the following adjunct(s) is/are likely to be needed to manage the expected and unwanted cardiovascular side effects of the hydralazine?

  • A. Captopril plus nifedipine
  • B. Digoxin plus spironolactone
  • C. Digoxin plus vitamin K
  • D. Hydrochlorothiazide and a beta blocker
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hydralazine's tachycardia and fluid retention are countered by a beta-blocker and diuretic (D).

The parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate. This consideration is:

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
  • C. All
  • D. None
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases serum calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption of calcium.
Step 2: PTH decreases serum phosphate levels by promoting renal excretion of phosphate.
Step 3: Therefore, the statement that PTH increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate is true.
Step 4: Choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the actions of PTH.
Step 5: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the effects of PTH on serum calcium and phosphate levels.

Interactions with other drugs of calcium is:

  • A. Ethanol: decreases absorption
  • B. Loop diuretics: increase renal excretion
  • C. Glucocorticoids: stimulate renal excretion
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium interactions with other drugs involve various mechanisms. Ethanol decreases calcium absorption, loop diuretics increase renal excretion of calcium, and glucocorticoids stimulate renal excretion. Therefore, all of the above options are correct in describing different interactions of calcium with these drugs. The incorrect choices are A, B, and C because they do not accurately represent the interactions with calcium as described in the question.

The above figure represents the action potential of a Purkinje fiber. At which of the following areas on the succeeding graph do calcium channels close and potassium channels open, resulting in an outward current that leads to membrane repolarization?

  • A. Letter A
  • B. Letter B
  • C. Letter C
  • D. Letter D
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phase 3 (Letter D, assuming standard labeling) of the Purkinje fiber action potential involves calcium channel closure and potassium channel opening, driving repolarization.