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A college student decides to go to a party the night before a major exam instead of studying. After receiving a low score on the exam, the student tells a fellow student, 'I have to work too much and don't have time to study. It wouldn't matter anyway because the teacher is so unreasonable.' The defense mechanisms the student is using are
- A. Denial and displacement
- B. Rationalization and projection
- C. Reaction formation and resistance
- D. Regression and compensation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The student uses rationalization by excusing poor performance with external factors (work) and projection by blaming the teacher's unreasonableness for the outcome.
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Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the cohesiveness of a group in group therapy?
- A. It is commonly present in the first meeting of the group.
- B. It is necessary for the group to have maximum cohesiveness, the more the better.
- C. Group cohesiveness is the degree to which members think alike and many things are left unspoken.
- D. Cohesiveness is a desirable group characteristic that is associated with positive group outcomes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cohesiveness, developed over time, fosters cooperation and positive outcomes in group therapy, but excessive uniformity may hinder critical thinking.
A nurse is assisting a patient who is working on the technique of systematic desensitization. When the patient feels anxious, the nurse can best use the principles of this technique by stating.
- A. Use the deep breathing techniques we practiced yesterday.
- B. What is the worst that will happen if you confront this fear?
- C. Tell me how you are feeling right now.
- D. I can see you are anxious. Let's stop for a minute.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Systematic desensitization involves using learned relaxation techniques, like deep breathing, to manage anxiety during exposure to fear-inducing stimuli.
Which of the following are examples of adventitious crises?
- A. Death of a loved one
- B. Natural disasters
- C. Violent crimes
- D. War
- E. Leaving home for the first time
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Adventitious crises involve unpredictable events like natural disasters, violent crimes, or war. Death of a loved one is a situational crisis, and leaving home is a maturational crisis.
A teenaged client is playing a video game when the nurse says it is time to go to sleep. The teen says angrily, 'You sound just like my mother at home!' and continues to play the video game. The nurse understands that this statement likely indicates
- A. The need of firm limit-setting
- B. Transference
- C. Ineffective parenting
- D. A personality disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transference occurs when a client projects attitudes or feelings from past relationships, such as those with a parent, onto the therapist. The teen's reaction reflects this dynamic, not necessarily ineffective parenting, a disorder, or the need for limit-setting.
A patient who has been working on controlling impulsive behavior shows a strengthening ego through which of the following behaviors?
- A. Going to therapy only when there is nothing more desirable to do
- B. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision
- C. Telling others in the group the right way to act
- D. Reporting having fun at a recent social event
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ego mediates between the id's impulsive desires and the superego's moral constraints. Weighing advantages and disadvantages before deciding reflects mature, adaptive ego functioning, unlike the other options which indicate impulsivity, control, or unrelated social behavior.