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A patient is blaming his impending divorce on the fact that his wife goes out frequently with her girlfriends. If using reality therapy, the nurse would help the patient with which of the following responses?
- A. If you really love her, she should love you as well.
- B. What does being divorced mean for you?
- C. How do you feel about your marriage ending?
- D. What role do you think you have played in the end of your marriage?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reality therapy encourages clients to examine their own behaviors and their impact on life goals, such as taking responsibility for their role in the divorce.
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A patient reports a pattern of being suspicious and mistrusting of others, causing difficulty in sustaining lasting relationships. Which stage according to Erikson's psychosocial development was not successfully completed?
- A. Trust
- B. Autonomy
- C. Initiative
- D. Industry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failure to develop trust during Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage can lead to suspicion and difficulty in relationships throughout life. The other stages (autonomy, initiative, industry) focus on different developmental tasks not directly related to trust issues.
A client begins to take stock of his life and look into the future. The nurse assesses that this client is in which of Erikson's developmental stages?
- A. Identity versus role confusion
- B. Industry versus inferiority
- C. Integrity versus despair
- D. Generativity versus stagnation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erikson's integrity vs. despair stage, occurring in later adulthood, involves reflecting on one's life and future, as described in the client's behavior.
Which of the following theories could be classified as humanistic theories?
- A. Cognitive therapy
- B. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Rogers' client-centered therapy
- E. Rational emotive therapy
- F. Piaget's cognitive stages of development
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Humanistic theories, like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' client-centered therapy, focus on self-actualization and personal growth, unlike cognitive, gestalt, rational emotive, or Piaget's developmental theories.
The nurse is assessing a client who is talking about her son's recent death but who shows no emotion of any kind. The nurse recognizes this behavior as which of the following defense mechanisms?
- A. Dissociation
- B. Displacement
- C. Intellectualization
- D. Suppression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intellectualization involves discussing a painful event factually without expressing associated emotions, as seen in the client's behavior. Dissociation, displacement, and suppression involve different coping mechanisms.
A patient who has been working on controlling impulsive behavior shows a strengthening ego through which of the following behaviors?
- A. Going to therapy only when there is nothing more desirable to do
- B. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision
- C. Telling others in the group the right way to act
- D. Reporting having fun at a recent social event
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ego mediates between the id's impulsive desires and the superego's moral constraints. Weighing advantages and disadvantages before deciding reflects mature, adaptive ego functioning, unlike the other options which indicate impulsivity, control, or unrelated social behavior.