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Which one of the following is an important characteristic of an effective therapist-client relationship in individual psychotherapy?
- A. Homogeneity between the client and the therapist.
- B. Mutual benefit for the client and the therapist.
- C. The client must adapt to the therapist's style of therapy and theoretical beliefs.
- D. Match between the theoretical beliefs and style of therapy and the client's needs and expectations of therapy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Effective therapy requires compatibility between the therapist's approach and the client's needs and expectations, prioritizing the client's benefit over homogeneity or therapist gain.
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A nursing supervisor reprimands an employee for being chronically late for work. If the employee handles the reprimand using the defense mechanism of displacement, he would most likely do which of the following?
- A. Argue with the supervisor that he is usually on time
- B. Make a special effort to be on time tomorrow
- C. Tell fellow employees that the supervisor is picking on him
- D. Tell the unit housekeeper that his work is sloppy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Displacement involves redirecting feelings toward a less threatening target. Venting frustration at the housekeeper, rather than the supervisor, exemplifies displacement.
A patient states, 'I hate spending time with my family. They're always on my back about something. I won't do anything they ask me to do.' Which response by the nurse reflects a behavioral perspective?
- A. Let's play like I'm your parent, and we'll practice some better ways to communicate that won't result in an argument.
- B. Some medicines really help with anger. Are you interested in talking to your physician about starting you on something?
- C. That's probably your way of getting back at them for being strict with you when you were younger.
- D. If you agree to start doing what your parents request, then they have agreed to respect your privacy more.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A behavioral perspective focuses on observable behaviors and uses rewards or consequences to modify them, as in negotiating compliance for privacy.
Which approach to therapy is most effective when planning for a client with negative thinking?
- A. Behavior modification
- B. Client-centered therapy
- C. Cognitive therapy
- D. Reality therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive therapy directly addresses negative thinking by altering thought patterns, which subsequently influences feelings and behaviors.
The nurse is working with a client who has a history of inflicting spousal abuse. Although the nurse does not condone domestic violence, the nurse treats the client with unconditional positive regard through which of the following?
- A. The nurse tries to understand the feelings that might have led to violent behavior.
- B. The nurse uses honest emotional expression in relating to client.
- C. The client is still viewed as someone worthy of respect and assistance.
- D. The nurse relates to the client as if he were her own spouse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Unconditional positive regard involves nonjudgmental respect and care for the client, regardless of their behavior, fostering a therapeutic relationship.
A basic assumption of Freud's psychoanalytic theory is that
- A. All human behavior can be caused and can be explained.
- B. Human behavior is entirely unconscious.
- C. Free association is the key to understanding.
- D. Sexuality does not relate to behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud's psychoanalytic theory posits that all behavior has a cause, whether conscious or unconscious, driven by internal forces like the id, ego, and superego.