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A nurse is working with a patient with an eating disorder who refuses to eat a muffin. The nurse asks the patient 'Is there any way that you could see the muffin as just flour and water, basic nutrients your body needs?' In this statement, the nurse is using which type of therapy?
- A. Rational emotive therapy
- B. Cognitive therapy
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Reality therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive therapy focuses on altering thought patterns, like reframing the muffin as basic nutrients, to change behavior and perceptions.
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A student nurse attends a self-help group as part of a class assignment. While there the student recognizes a family friend. Upon returning home, the student talks about the experience with the family. The student's actions can be described as
- A. Appropriate, persons familiar with group members are allowed self-help group membership.
- B. Appropriate; self-help groups are not professional and therefore are open to public knowledge.
- C. Inappropriate; most self-help groups have a rule of confidentiality.
- D. Inappropriate; the student should not have been allowed to attend the group.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most self-help groups, like 12-step programs, maintain confidentiality, making it inappropriate to discuss attendees or content outside the group.
A patient who has been working on controlling impulsive behavior shows a strengthening ego through which of the following behaviors?
- A. Going to therapy only when there is nothing more desirable to do
- B. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision
- C. Telling others in the group the right way to act
- D. Reporting having fun at a recent social event
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ego mediates between the id's impulsive desires and the superego's moral constraints. Weighing advantages and disadvantages before deciding reflects mature, adaptive ego functioning, unlike the other options which indicate impulsivity, control, or unrelated social behavior.
During the initial interview with a client in crisis, the initial priority is to
- A. Assess the adequacy of the support system.
- B. Assess for substance use.
- C. Determine the precrisis level of functioning.
- D. Evaluate the potential for self-harm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Safety is the priority in a crisis, so evaluating the potential for self-harm is critical before assessing support systems, substance use, or precrisis functioning.
Which cognitive mode, according to Harry Stack Sullivan, begins in early childhood as the child begins to connect experiences in sequence?
- A. Prototaxic mode
- B. Parataxic mode
- C. Bitaxic mode
- D. Syntaxic mode
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sullivan's parataxic mode involves children connecting experiences in sequence, though not always logically, marking an early cognitive developmental stage.
A patient is being admitted to an inpatient unit for treatment of anorexia nervosa. Of the following assessment data, which should the nurse place as highest priority in the plan of care?
- A. Weight 24% below ideal body weight
- B. Distorted body image
- C. Feelings of inadequacy
- D. Frequent vomiting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy, physiological needs like fluid and electrolyte balance, threatened by frequent vomiting, take priority over psychological issues like body image or self-esteem.