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A nursing supervisor reprimands an employee for being chronically late for work. If the employee handles the reprimand using the defense mechanism of displacement, he would most likely do which of the following?
- A. Argue with the supervisor that he is usually on time
- B. Make a special effort to be on time tomorrow
- C. Tell fellow employees that the supervisor is picking on him
- D. Tell the unit housekeeper that his work is sloppy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Displacement involves redirecting feelings toward a less threatening target. Venting frustration at the housekeeper, rather than the supervisor, exemplifies displacement.
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Which of the following is most essential when planning care for a client who is experiencing a crisis?
- A. Explore previous coping strategies
- B. Explore underlying personality dynamics
- C. Focus on emotional deficits
- D. Offer a referral to a self-help group
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crisis intervention leverages the client's existing coping strategies and strengths to address the current situation, making this the most essential focus.
Patients on an inpatient psychiatric unit can earn off-unit privileges for daily use of socially appropriate behavior. This is an example of employing which concept of behavior?
- A. Systematic desensitization
- B. Negative reinforcement
- C. Classical conditioning
- D. Operant conditioning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Operant conditioning involves learning through rewards, like earning privileges for appropriate behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior recurring.
The family members of a patient with bipolar disorder express frustration with the unpredictable behaviors of their loved one. Which group should the nurse suggest as most helpful to this family?
- A. Family therapy group
- B. Family education group
- C. Psychotherapy group
- D. Self-help support group
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Family education groups provide knowledge and coping skills for families dealing with mental illness, addressing their frustration with unpredictable behaviors.
Which of the following theories could be classified as humanistic theories?
- A. Cognitive therapy
- B. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Rogers' client-centered therapy
- E. Rational emotive therapy
- F. Piaget's cognitive stages of development
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Humanistic theories, like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' client-centered therapy, focus on self-actualization and personal growth, unlike cognitive, gestalt, rational emotive, or Piaget's developmental theories.
A basic assumption of Freud's psychoanalytic theory is that
- A. All human behavior can be caused and can be explained.
- B. Human behavior is entirely unconscious.
- C. Free association is the key to understanding.
- D. Sexuality does not relate to behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud's psychoanalytic theory posits that all behavior has a cause, whether conscious or unconscious, driven by internal forces like the id, ego, and superego.