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A patient states, 'I hate spending time with my family. They're always on my back about something. I won't do anything they ask me to do.' Which response by the nurse reflects a behavioral perspective?
- A. Let's play like I'm your parent, and we'll practice some better ways to communicate that won't result in an argument.
- B. Some medicines really help with anger. Are you interested in talking to your physician about starting you on something?
- C. That's probably your way of getting back at them for being strict with you when you were younger.
- D. If you agree to start doing what your parents request, then they have agreed to respect your privacy more.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A behavioral perspective focuses on observable behaviors and uses rewards or consequences to modify them, as in negotiating compliance for privacy.
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Which of the following theories could be classified as humanistic theories?
- A. Cognitive therapy
- B. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Rogers' client-centered therapy
- E. Rational emotive therapy
- F. Piaget's cognitive stages of development
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Humanistic theories, like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' client-centered therapy, focus on self-actualization and personal growth, unlike cognitive, gestalt, rational emotive, or Piaget's developmental theories.
The nurse is assessing a client who is talking about her son's recent death but who shows no emotion of any kind. The nurse recognizes this behavior as which of the following defense mechanisms?
- A. Dissociation
- B. Displacement
- C. Intellectualization
- D. Suppression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intellectualization involves discussing a painful event factually without expressing associated emotions, as seen in the client's behavior. Dissociation, displacement, and suppression involve different coping mechanisms.
The nurse would recommend individual therapy for the patient who expresses a desire to
- A. Bring about personal changes.
- B. Gain a sense of belonging.
- C. Develop leadership skills.
- D. Learn more about treatment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Individual psychotherapy is ideal for clients seeking personal change, self-understanding, or relief from emotional distress, unlike group-based goals like belonging or leadership.
A patient is blaming his impending divorce on the fact that his wife goes out frequently with her girlfriends. If using reality therapy, the nurse would help the patient with which of the following responses?
- A. If you really love her, she should love you as well.
- B. What does being divorced mean for you?
- C. How do you feel about your marriage ending?
- D. What role do you think you have played in the end of your marriage?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reality therapy encourages clients to examine their own behaviors and their impact on life goals, such as taking responsibility for their role in the divorce.
During the initial interview with a client in crisis, the initial priority is to
- A. Assess the adequacy of the support system.
- B. Assess for substance use.
- C. Determine the precrisis level of functioning.
- D. Evaluate the potential for self-harm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Safety is the priority in a crisis, so evaluating the potential for self-harm is critical before assessing support systems, substance use, or precrisis functioning.