Nokea
A community health nurse is working with a group of clients. The nurse practices the ethical principle of distributive justice by performing which of the following tasks?
- A. Keeping a promise to visit a client who is housebound after the delivery of care.
- B. Ensuring that a client who is homeless receives preventive medical care.
- C. Being honest with the parents of a child about the need to report suspected abuse.
- D. Accepting the decision of an older adult client to live alone in her home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Distributive justice refers to fair distribution of resources and services to all individuals, with priority given to those in need. By ensuring that a homeless client receives preventive medical care, the nurse is upholding this principle. This action promotes equity and fairness by addressing the health needs of a vulnerable population.
A: Keeping a promise to visit a housebound client is important for maintaining trust and continuity of care, but it does not directly relate to distributive justice.
C: Being honest about reporting suspected abuse is related to ethical duty and integrity, not distributive justice.
D: Accepting an older adult's decision to live alone respects autonomy and independence, but it is not directly tied to distributive justice.
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In the last month, three cases of tuberculosis have been referred to the health department. Which of the following is the priority information for the community health nurse to obtain from each client?
- A. Demographics
- B. Household members
- C. Occupation
- D. Health history
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Household members. This is the priority information for the nurse to obtain as tuberculosis is highly contagious and can spread within households. By knowing the household members, the nurse can assess the risk of transmission and provide appropriate guidance for testing and treatment. Demographics (A) may provide background information but are not as crucial as identifying close contacts. Occupation (C) and health history (D) are important but do not directly address the immediate risk of transmission within the household.
A nurse is assessing an outbreak of mumps among school-age children. Using the epidemiological triangle, the nurse should recognize that which of the following is the host?
- A. The vaccine
- B. The virus
- C. The school
- D. The children
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The children. In the epidemiological triangle, the host refers to the organism that harbors the disease. In this case, the school-age children are the host as they are the ones affected by the mumps virus. The virus (option B) is the agent causing the disease, the vaccine (option A) is a preventative measure, and the school (option C) is the environment where transmission may occur but not the host. Therefore, the children (option D) being the individuals who are infected and affected by the mumps outbreak, are correctly identified as the host in this scenario.
A nurse manager in a local community health agency is creating a job description for a new nurse who will practice community-oriented nursing. Which of the following should the nurse include in the job description? (Select all that apply)
- A. Investigate potential health and environmental issues
- B. Initiate support groups for parents of autistic children
- C. Provide wound care for clients in their homes
- D. Participate in local health surveillance activities
- E. Provide health-related education to community groups
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The correct answer includes choices A, B, D, and E. Choice A is essential as investigating potential health and environmental issues is crucial in community-oriented nursing to identify and address health concerns. Choice B is important as initiating support groups for parents of autistic children promotes community well-being. Choice D is necessary as participating in local health surveillance activities helps in monitoring community health trends. Choice E is crucial as providing health-related education to community groups promotes health awareness and prevention. Choices C, F, and G are incorrect as they do not directly align with the scope of community-oriented nursing, which focuses on population-based care and health promotion rather than individual wound care or unspecified activities.
A nurse is working with a care manager for a client who participates in a health maintenance organization. The nurse should identify that a health maintenance organization provides which of the following payment structures?
- A. The client is participating in a fee-for-service health care insurance program
- B. The provider is paid a fixed sum for the client on a monthly or yearly basis
- C. The client pays the insurer a percentage of the total costs for each service rendered by the provider
- D. The provider bills the client directly for a predetermined percentage of the cost of services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In a health maintenance organization (HMO), the provider is paid a fixed sum for the client on a monthly or yearly basis. This payment structure incentivizes providers to focus on preventive care and cost-effective treatments. This model aims to keep clients healthy and reduce unnecessary services.
A: Fee-for-service is not characteristic of an HMO.
C: This describes a cost-sharing model, not typical of an HMO.
D: Providers do not bill clients directly in an HMO.
A nurse at a local health department is caring for several clients. Which of the following infections should the nurse report to the state health department?
- A. Herpes simplex virus
- B. Group B Streptococcus B hemolytic
- C. Human papillomavirus
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tuberculosis. The nurse should report tuberculosis to the state health department because it is a notifiable infectious disease, meaning it is required by law to be reported to public health authorities. Tuberculosis is a serious respiratory infection that can spread easily and pose a public health risk if not properly monitored and controlled. Reporting helps in tracking and controlling the spread of the disease through appropriate public health interventions. Choices A, B, and C are not typically reportable to the state health department as they are not considered highly contagious or pose significant public health risks compared to tuberculosis.