Microbiology Chapter 12 Test Bank

Microbiology Chapter 12 Test Bank Related

Review Microbiology Chapter 12 Test Bank related questions and content

A family has two children. The younger child is under the year. The child has developed spastic cough attacks. Similar clinical presentation was observed in the elder preschool child one month ago. The doctor suspects pertussis infection. What method enables retrospective diagnostics of this disease?

  • A. Serological
  • B. Biological
  • C. Bacteriological
  • D. Molecular biological
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serological. Serological testing involves analyzing blood samples for specific antibodies produced in response to the pertussis infection. This method can detect past infections by identifying the presence of antibodies against the pertussis bacteria in the blood. In this case, since the doctor suspects pertussis infection in both children, serological testing can confirm if they have been exposed to the bacteria.

Summary:
B: Biological testing does not specifically target pertussis antibodies in the blood.
C: Bacteriological testing involves culturing bacteria from samples, which may not be as sensitive for retrospective diagnosis.
D: Molecular biological testing focuses on genetic material of the bacteria, which may not provide direct evidence of past infection.

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Gram (+) bacteria ... MG-ribonucleate and Mg. deoxyribonucleate in:

  • A. Proportion 4:1
  • B. Proportion 2:1
  • C. Proportion 8:1
  • D. Proportion 1:1
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, proportion 4:1. Gram (+) bacteria have a higher ratio of MG-ribonucleate to Mg. deoxyribonucleate because ribosomal RNA is more abundant in actively growing bacterial cells. This higher proportion of MG-ribonucleate to Mg. deoxyribonucleate is essential for protein synthesis and growth. The other choices are incorrect because they do not reflect the higher ratio of ribosomal RNA to DNA in Gram (+) bacteria, which is crucial for their metabolic activities and cellular functions.

Which of the following has a higher resistance to environmental stresses than the others?

  • A. Bacterial endospores
  • B. Fungal spores
  • C. Enveloped viruses
  • D. Vegetative bacterial cells
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bacterial endospores. Bacterial endospores have a higher resistance to environmental stresses due to their unique structure, which includes a tough outer layer that protects the spore from harsh conditions such as heat, chemicals, and radiation. This protective layer allows endospores to remain dormant and survive in unfavorable environments until conditions improve.

Summary:
B: Fungal spores - While fungal spores can also survive in harsh conditions, they are generally not as resistant as bacterial endospores due to differences in their protective structures.
C: Enveloped viruses - Enveloped viruses are susceptible to environmental stresses as their lipid envelope can easily be damaged by heat, chemicals, and other factors.
D: Vegetative bacterial cells - Vegetative bacterial cells are more susceptible to environmental stresses compared to endospores, as they do not have the same level of protective mechanisms to survive in unfavorable conditions.

Cytomegalovirus infections are caused by the human herpesvirus:

  • A. 2
  • B. 3
  • C. 4
  • D. 5
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Cytomegalovirus infections are caused by human herpesvirus 5, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV). This virus belongs to the Herpesviridae family, genus Betaherpesvirinae. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not correspond to the specific virus responsible for causing Cytomegalovirus infections.

A laboratory received a food product that had been taken from the focus of food poisoning and presumably contained botulinum toxin. To identify the type of toxin, the neutralization reaction must be performed on white mice. What biological product is used in this reaction?

  • A. Antitoxic serum
  • B. Normal serum
  • C. Antibacterial serum
  • D. Diagnosticum
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antitoxic serum. In the neutralization reaction to identify botulinum toxin, antitoxic serum is used to neutralize the toxin in white mice. Antitoxic serum contains antibodies that specifically target and neutralize the botulinum toxin. Normal serum (B) does not contain the necessary antibodies to neutralize the toxin. Antibacterial serum (C) is not effective against toxins like botulinum. Diagnosticum (D) is a general term and does not specifically refer to the biological product required for this reaction.

Which toxin is specific for ETEC:

  • A. TSST-1
  • B. Shiga-like toxin
  • C. Erythrogenic toxin
  • D. LT enterotoxin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: LT enterotoxin. This toxin is specific for Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and is responsible for causing diarrhea by increasing cyclic AMP levels in intestinal cells. TSST-1 (choice A) is produced by Staphylococcus aureus, not ETEC. Shiga-like toxin (choice B) is produced by Shigella and EHEC, not ETEC. Erythrogenic toxin (choice C) is produced by Streptococcus pyogenes, not ETEC. Therefore, the LT enterotoxin is the specific toxin associated with ETEC.

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