Nokea
A fatal infectious disease known as: 'Mad cow disease' is medically known as:
- A. Spongiform meningitus.
- B. Spongiform Spirilosis.
- C. Meningial encephalopathy.
- D. Spongiform encephalopathy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spongiform encephalopathy, commonly known as 'mad cow disease' or Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormal prion proteins. These proteins induce the misfolding of normal cellular proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage and the characteristic spongy appearance of brain tissue. The disease is transmissible and has no known cure, making it a significant public health concern.
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In the care plan for Mr. Thompson, a 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease, Nurse Edwards is identifying tasks that can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant (NA). Considering the responsibilities and scope of practice for a nursing assistant, which of the following tasks is most appropriate for Nurse Edwards to delegate?
- A. Checking for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure.
- B. Monitoring for improvement in tremor after levodopa (L-dopa) is given.
- C. Adjusting the dosage of levodopa (L-dopa) based on the patient's response.
- D. Monitoring for abnormal involuntary jerky movements of extremities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking for orthostatic changes is within the scope of practice for a nursing assistant and is important for monitoring the side effects of PD medications.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain because of new onset of headaches. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate when preparing the patient for the scan?
- A. You must shampoo your hair thoroughly tonight to remove oil and dirt.
- B. You will need to hold your head completely still during the examination.
- C. You may take fluids until about 8 a.m. Then we will give you a special radiopaque drink.
- D. We will partially shave your head tonight so that electrodes can be attached securely to your scalp.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Holding the head still during a CT scan is essential for obtaining clear images. Shampooing the hair, shaving the head, or administering a radiopaque drink are not required for a standard brain CT. Providing accurate instructions ensures the patient is prepared for the procedure.
A patient with a fractured right hip has an anterior open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. What should the nurse plan to do postoperatively?
- A. Get the patient up to the chair on the first postoperative day.
- B. Position the patient only on the back and the unoperative side.
- C. Keep the leg abductor pillow on the patient even when bathing.
- D. Ambulate the patient with partial weight bearing by discharge.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using an abductor pillow maintains proper alignment.
Mr. Singer will be taking aspirin and prednisone for his rheumatoid arthritis upon discharge from the hospital. Mr. Singer should be taught to contact his physician immediately if which of the following occurs?
- A. Tarry stools
- B. Ringing in his ears
- C. Warm, swollen joints
- D. Fluid retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tarry stools indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, a potential side effect of aspirin.
What is the priority intervention in the emergency department for the patient with a stroke?
- A. Intravenous fluid replacement
- B. Administration of osmotic diuretics to reduce cerebral edema
- C. Initiation of hypothermia to decrease the oxygen needs of the brain
- D. Maintenance of respiratory function with a patent airway and oxygen administration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining a patent airway and oxygenation is critical in the initial management of stroke