Nokea
The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:
- A. an ion
- B. nerve glue
- C. a neurotransmitter
- D. the sodium-potassium pump
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemical substances released at axonal endings to propagate nervous impulses across synapses. Ions and the sodium-potassium pump are involved in generating action potentials, while nerve glue and action potentials are not substances released at axonal endings. Thus, C is the correct answer.
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Which of the following findings may indicate a problem with the cerebellum?
- A. Unsteady gait and difficulty with fine motor skills.
- B. Clear and coordinated movements.
- C. Normal gait and balance.
- D. Symmetrical muscle strength.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cerebellum controls coordination and balance. Unsteady gait and difficulty with fine motor skills suggest cerebellar dysfunction. Clear movements, normal gait, and symmetrical strength are normal findings.
Nystagmus with diplopia is a common side effect of anticonvulsants. Which of the following complaints would alert the nurse that the patient was experiencing nystagmus and diplopia?
- A. drowsiness
- B. drooping eyelids
- C. problems in reading
- D. excessive tearing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Problems in reading can indicate visual disturbances such as nystagmus and diplopia.
A nurse evaluates a client for postoperative complications following joint replacement surgery. Upon discharge, the nurse teaches the client that the risk of infection is present for how long after surgery?
- A. Two weeks
- B. One month
- C. Three months
- D. Six months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infections can occur up to six months post-surgery due to the body's healing process and immune response.
Preparing the body for "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the:
- A. sympathetic nervous system
- B. cerebrum
- C. parasympathetic nervous system
- D. somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses during threatening situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow. The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect, while the cerebrum, somatic nervous system, and afferent nervous system are not primarily responsible for this response. Thus, A is the correct answer.
Priority Decision: Following change-of-shift handoff, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. A 58-year-old male experiencing phantom pain and requesting analgesic
- B. A 72-year-old male being transferred to a skilled nursing unit following repair of a hip fracture
- C. A 25-year-old female in left leg skeletal traction asking for the weights to be lifted for a few minutes
- D. A 68-year-old male with a new lower leg cast complaining that the cast is too tight and he cannot feel his toes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cast tightness and loss of sensation indicate potential neurovascular compromise.