Nokea
A few weeks after delivery, if a woman complains that she cannot sleep, has little appetite and has begun having anxiety attacks and fears that she cannot take adequate care of her neonate, the most likely cause is
- A. postpartum depression
- B. postpartum blues
- C. postpartum psychosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postpartum depression involves persistent mood disturbances and functional impairment.
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Following spontaneous rupture of the membranes during labor, if the fetal heart rate becomes markedly bradycardic with variable decelerations, this likely indicates
- A. cord prolapse
- B. placenta previa
- C. fetal head compression
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Variable decelerations with bradycardia suggest cord compression, possibly due to prolapse.
During the "claiming" part of parent-neonate attachment, the parent usually first compares the child to other family members by noticing how the neonate is
- A. similar
- B. unique
- C. different
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Noticing similarities fosters connection and identification with the newborn.
The phenotypic sex is determined by:
- A. At fertilization by the male gamete
- B. At fertilization by the female gamete
- C. Around 6-10 weeks of gestation by the SRY gene
- D. By the activity of the androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct:
1. During early development, all embryos possess indifferent genitalia.
2. Androgen hormones, like testosterone, influence the differentiation of these structures.
3. The presence of androgen hormones leads to the development of male genitalia.
4. Lack of androgen results in the development of female genitalia.
5. This process occurs after fertilization, not during fertilization.
In summary, choice D is correct as the phenotypic sex is determined by the activity of androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia post-fertilization.
Choices A and B are incorrect because sex determination occurs post-fertilization, not during fertilization.
Choice C is incorrect as the SRY gene typically plays a role in sex determination but is not the primary factor influencing the phenotypic sex.
The pectoral girdle consists of the:
- A. Sternum and scapula
- B. Clavicle and scapula
- C. Sternum and clavicle
- D. Scapula and humerus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clavicle and scapula. The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). The clavicle articulates with the sternum, providing a connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton. The scapula forms the shoulder joint with the humerus. The sternum is part of the axial skeleton and not directly part of the pectoral girdle. The humerus is a bone of the upper arm and not part of the pectoral girdle. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it accurately represents the bones that make up the pectoral girdle.
Arrange the steps of the female menstrual cycle in the correct order of occurrence.
- A. Menstrual phase
- B. Premenstrual phase
- C. Secretory phase
- D. Proliferative phase
Correct Answer: A,D,C,B
Rationale: The correct order of the female menstrual cycle is: A (Menstrual phase) -> D (Proliferative phase) -> C (Secretory phase) -> B (Premenstrual phase).
1. Menstrual phase (A) involves shedding of the uterine lining.
2. Proliferative phase (D) follows, where the lining thickens in preparation for implantation.
3. Secretory phase (C) occurs next, characterized by further thickening and vascularization of the endometrium.
4. Finally, premenstrual phase (B) occurs, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the chronological sequence of events in the menstrual cycle.