Nokea
A good history of herb and supplement use is critical before prescribing because approximately % of patients in the United States are using herbal products.
- A. 10
- B. 5
- C. 38
- D. 70
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Approximately 38% of U.S. patients use herbal products, necessitating a thorough history.
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Protein binding of a drug helps in
- A. Distribution
- B. Prolonging half life
- C. Limiting metabolism
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protein binding affects distribution (bound drugs stay in plasma), prolongs half-life (less free drug available for clearance), and limits metabolism (bound drug is less accessible to enzymes).
Carvedilol is heavily metabolized by CYP2D6 and 2C9, resulting in drug interactions with which of the following drug classes?
- A. Histamine 2 blockers
- B. Quinolones
- C. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SSRIs inhibit CYP2D6, increasing carvedilol levels and effects.
What describes the action of the body on the drug?
- A. Pharmacodynamics
- B. Pharmacokinetics
- C. Microbiology
- D. Physiology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, distinct from pharmacodynamics, which is the drug's effect on the body.
Carbamazepine has a Black Box Warning recommending testing for the HLA-B*1502 allele in patients with Asian ancestry prior to starting therapy due to:
- A. Decreased effectiveness of carbamazepine in treating seizures in Asian patients with HLA-B*1502 allele
- B. Increased risk for drug interactions in Asian patients with the HLA-B*1502 allele
- C. Increased risk for Stevens-Johnson syndrome in Asian patients with HLA-B*1502 allele
- D. Patients who have the HLA-B*1502 allele being more likely to have a resistance to carbamazepine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HLA-B*1502 in Asians increases Stevens-Johnson syndrome risk with carbamazepine , per FDA warning, not efficacy or interactions .
A nurse is planning to administer IV Alteplase to a client who is demonstrating manifestations of a massive Pulmonary Embolism. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Administer IM Enoxaparin along with the Alteplase dose.
- B. Hold direct pressure on puncture sites for up to 30 min.
- C. Administer Aminocaproic acid IV prior to alteplase infusion.
- D. Prepare to administer Alteplase within 8 hr of manifestation onset.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Holding pressure prevents bleeding at puncture sites after alteplase, a thrombolytic.