Nokea
A group member who has exhibited an angry emotional outburst tearfully apologizes to the group for being "hateful." The group leader responds, "I believe I speak for all of us when I say that you did not appear hateful. You just appeared to be passionate about your beliefs." In this scenario, which of the following behaviours is the group leader exhibiting?
- A. Analyzing
- B. Clarifying
- C. Evaluating
- D. Reflecting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reflecting. The group leader is reflecting by restating the group member's emotions and behaviors back to them in a non-judgmental manner. This helps the group member feel understood and validated. Analyzing (A) involves breaking down information, clarifying (B) involves making things clearer, and evaluating (C) involves making judgments or assessments. In this scenario, the group leader is not doing any of those actions, but rather reflecting back the group member's emotions.
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Which public health service best represents primary prevention?
- A. Administering the influenza vaccine to a group of seniors
- B. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in low-income housing
- C. Starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults who reside in low-income housing
- D. Setting up a blood pressure screening clinic at the local mall
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in low-income housing best represents primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it occurs. In this case, educating parents on proper car seat safety practices helps prevent injuries to infants in the first place. Administering the influenza vaccine (A) is an example of secondary prevention as it aims to detect and treat existing conditions. Starting a rehabilitation clinic (C) and setting up a blood pressure screening clinic (D) are also examples of secondary prevention as they focus on managing existing health conditions rather than preventing them.
Women who develop vaginal fungal infections (commonly referred to as yeast infections) usually have a history of having been prescribed antibiotics for bacterial infections. Which component of the epidemiological triangle (agent–host–environment) contributes most to the development of vaginal infections?
- A. Agent
- B. Environment
- C. Host
- D. Agent and host
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Host. Antibiotics disrupt the normal vaginal flora, creating an environment conducive to yeast overgrowth. The host's susceptibility to infection due to altered microbiota is the primary factor in developing vaginal fungal infections. The agent (yeast) and the environment (vaginal environment) play secondary roles. Choice A is incorrect because the yeast is the agent causing the infection, but it is the host's response that determines infection development. Choice B is incorrect because the vaginal environment is affected by antibiotics, but it is the host's response that leads to infection. Choice D is incorrect because while both agent and host are involved, it is the host's susceptibility that is the key factor.
What is the most common symptom of testicular cancer?
- A. Low back pain
- B. Fatigue
- C. Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling
- D. Mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling. This is the most common symptom of testicular cancer because it often presents as a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. Other choices are incorrect because low back pain (A) is not a common symptom of testicular cancer, fatigue (B) is a non-specific symptom that can occur in many conditions, and mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum (D) is not a typical symptom of testicular cancer.
What is the primary role of the forensic nurse in Canada?
- A. Health promoter
- B. Disaster planner
- C. Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE)
- D. Outreach worker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE). In Canada, forensic nurses specialize in providing care to victims of sexual assault and collecting evidence for legal proceedings. They play a crucial role in ensuring proper documentation and preservation of evidence, providing support to victims, and collaborating with law enforcement. Choice A is incorrect as the primary role of a forensic nurse is not solely focused on health promotion. Choice B is incorrect as disaster planning is not the primary function of a forensic nurse. Choice D is incorrect as outreach work is not the main responsibility of a forensic nurse in Canada.
After surviving a house fire, a 5-year-old begins sucking their thumb and wetting their bed. What would be the best community health nurse (CHN) intervention?
- A. Explain to the child that it is important to be strong and not act like a baby.
- B. Reassure the family that this behaviour is a normal reaction to a traumatic experience.
- C. Recommend admission into a hospital for psychological counselling.
- D. Recommend behaviour therapy to treat regression.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because reassurance to the family that the child's behaviors are normal reactions to trauma is crucial. This approach validates the child's feelings and provides support. Choice A is incorrect as it may shame the child for their coping mechanisms. Choice C is unnecessary and may not be indicated unless the child's mental health is severely impacted. Choice D is premature as it suggests a specific treatment without first addressing the underlying emotional needs of the child.