Nokea
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about upper gastrointestinal system drugs. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as a proton pump inhibitor?
- A. Nizatidine
- B. Omeprazole
- C. Esomeprazole
- D. Sucralfate
- E. Misoprostol
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Omeprazole and esomeprazole are examples of proton pump inhibitors. Nizatidine is a histamine-2 receptor antagonist. Sucralfate and misoprostol are examples of miscellaneous acid reducers.
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Which of the following antacids may produce constipation and should be used cautiously in clients who have chronic constipation?
- A. Calcium carbonate (Mylanta)
- B. Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
- C. Magnesium oxide (Mag-Ox)
- D. Aluminum hydroxide (ALternaGEL)
- E. Sodium bicarbonate (Bell/ans)
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The aluminum- and calcium-containing antacids may produce constipation. Magnesium- and sodium-containing antacids tend to have a laxative effect.
A nurse educating a client on the antacid calcium carbonate (Mylanta) should warn the client of which of the following adverse reactions?
- A. Rebound hyperacidity
- B. Anorexia
- C. Headache
- D. Dehydration
- E. Confusion
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Adverse reactions of calcium carbonate (Mylanta) include rebound hyperacidity, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia, vomiting, confusion, headache, renal calculi, and neurologic impairment.
A nurse should recognize that administering antacids to clients taking which of the following medications can result in decreased drug absorption and decreased drug effects?
- A. Simvastatin (Zocor)
- B. Isoniazid (Nydrazid)
- C. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- D. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- E. Enalapril (Vasotec)
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Antacids decrease the absorption of digoxin, isoniazid, phenytoin, and chlorpromazine, leading to decreased effect of those drugs.
A nurse educating a client on the antacid magnesium oxide (Mag-Ox) should warn the client of which of the following adverse reactions?
- A. Tremors
- B. Anorexia
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Dehydration
- E. Hypotension
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Adverse reactions of magnesium oxide (Mag-Ox) include severe diarrhea, dehydration, and hypermagnesemia (nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and decreased respirations).
A client is receiving an antiemetic. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements? Which of the following would the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
- A. Remove items with strong smells and odors.
- B. Use mouthwash or frequent oral rinses.
- C. Make the environment as pleasant as possible.
- D. Explain that the drug may change the color of the stool.
- E. Follow the medication with a small amount of water.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: When caring for a client receiving an antiemetic with a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements, the nurse makes the environment as pleasant as possible to enhance the client's appetite and removes items with strong smells and odors. The nurse gives the client mouthwash or frequent oral rinses to remove the disagreeable taste that accompanies vomiting. Stool color is unaffected. Liquid antacids could be followed with a small amount of water.