Nokea
A group of nursing students are reviewing the role of serotonin in psychiatric disorders. The students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which disorder as being associated with its dysfunction?
- A. Depression
- B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- C. Panic disorder
- D. Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Serotonin dysregulation is strongly associated with depression, OCD, and panic disorder. Schizophrenia is primarily linked to dopamine dysregulation, so identifying it as serotonin-related indicates a misunderstanding.
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The nurse is caring for an older adult who has experienced damage to the frontal lobe after an automobile accident. The nurse anticipates that the patient will have difficulty with which of the following?
- A. Smell
- B. Concept formation
- C. Receptive speech
- D. Hearing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions, including concept formation, planning, and decision-making. Damage may impair these abilities. Smell is associated with the olfactory bulb, receptive speech with Wernicke?s area (temporal lobe), and hearing with the auditory cortex (temporal lobe).
A nurse is involved in gathering information about the inheritance of mental disorders using population genetics. Which of the following would the nurse be least likely to be evaluating?
- A. Concordance rates
- B. Occurrence in first-degree relatives
- C. Risk factor analysis
- D. Adoptions studies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Population genetics studies inheritance patterns using concordance rates, first-degree relative occurrences, and adoption studies to isolate genetic vs. environmental factors. Risk factor analysis, while relevant to epidemiology, is less specific to genetic inheritance studies.
The nurse is assessing a patient experiencing anxiety and observes increased sweating and gooseflesh. The nurse understands that these are the result of which substance?
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. Norepinephrine
- C. Serotonin
- D. Histamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Norepinephrine, part of the sympathetic nervous system, triggers physiological responses like sweating and gooseflesh during anxiety (fight-or-flight response). Acetylcholine is parasympathetic, serotonin regulates mood, and histamine is involved in allergic responses.
A patient who is scheduled to undergo a sleep deprivation electroencephalogram (EEG) in the morning is experiencing moderate anxiety about the procedure. Based on an understanding of this test, which of the following would the nurse avoid?
- A. Explaining in depth what to expect during the upcoming procedure
- B. Administering a benzodiazepine medication prescribed for anxiety
- C. Taking a thorough history of her use of prescribed and illicit drugs
- D. Giving her a noncaffeinated beverage of her choice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A sleep deprivation EEG requires the patient to stay awake to provoke brain activity for diagnosis. Administering a benzodiazepine, which promotes sedation, would counteract this purpose. Explaining the procedure, taking a history, and offering a noncaffeinated beverage are appropriate and support the test?s goals.
A patient has been diagnosed with memory dysfunction associated with Alzheimer?s disease. The nurse determines that damage to the patient?s brain includes deterioration of temporal lobe structures and the nerves of which of the following?
- A. Basal ganglia
- B. Limbic system
- C. Frontal lobe
- D. Hippocampus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alzheimer?s disease involves memory dysfunction due to deterioration of the hippocampus (part of the limbic system in the temporal lobe) and other temporal lobe structures. The basal ganglia regulate movement, the limbic system broadly affects emotions, and the frontal lobe handles executive functions.