Nokea
A group of students are reviewing class material on sexually transmitted infections in preparation for a test. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which as the cause of condylomata?
- A. Herpes virus
- B. Human papilloma virus
- C. Treponema pallidum
- D. Hemophilus ducreyi bacillus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genital warts or condylomata are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Herpes virus causes genital herpes. Treponema pallidum is the cause of syphilis. Hemophilus ducreyi bacillus is the cause of chancroid.
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A client with syphilis did not receive treatment and has now progressed into the tertiary stage of the disorder. Which symptoms would the nurse expect the client to exhibit?
- A. Ulcated chancre, aortic valve insufficiency, lymphadenopathy
- B. Fever, malaise, sore throat
- C. Papular lesions, rash, headache
- D. Tabes dorsalis, ataxia, and Charcot's joints
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client with late or tertiary syphilis is noninfectious because the microorganism has invaded the central nervous system (CNS) as well as other organs of the body. Symptoms of tertiary syphilis include tabes dorsalis (a degenerative condition of the CNS that results in loss of peripheral reflexes and of vibratory and position senses), ataxia, and neuropathic joint disease, also called Charcot's joints. Symptoms of secondary syphilis include fever, malaise, rash, headache, sore throat, and lymph node enlargement. Ulcerated chancre occurs in the primary stage.
The nurse is caring for a client in the tertiary stage of a syphilis infection. Which assessment finding is anticipated?
- A. The client has ulcers in the genital region.
- B. The client has arthritis symptoms making ambulation difficult.
- C. The client has dementia and cannot care for himself or herself.
- D. The client complains of a headache and sore throat.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client in the tertiary stage of a syphilis infection is expected to have central nervous system complications including dementia. In the primary stage, a chancre appears on the genitals. In the secondary stage, a fever, malaise, rash, headache, and sore throat are anticipated. There are no musculoskeletal symptoms associated with syphilis.
A female client with an anal gonorrhea infection experiences painful bowel elimination and a purulent rectal discharge. The nurse would predict which symptom as most likely to develop as the microorganism disseminates throughout the body?
- A. Painful joints
- B. Sore throat
- C. Intermenstrual bleeding
- D. Painful urination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client with an anal gonorrhea infection experiences symptoms of gonorrhea where the microorganism has invaded the rectum. After the microorganism disseminates throughout the body, the client may manifest a skin rash, fever, and painful joints. Other symptoms such as infections of the urinary tract or vagina, sore throat, intermenstrual bleeding due to cervicitis, and painful urination are associated with the organism's invasion of those structures, depending on the nature of the sexual contact.
A client requesting a chlamydia test asks why it is necessary to receive a test for gonorrhea and syphilis at the same time. Which response from the nurse is the correct explanation?
- A. The symptoms of these diseases are the same, and culture tests alone can determine the disease that has infected the client.
- B. The infecting bacterium in all cases is the same, and therefore, clients have concurrent infections.
- C. The infections spread through the same medium, and therefore, clients have concurrent infections.
- D. It is not unusual for clients to have concurrent infections with more than one sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is common practice to test clients for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV because it is not unusual for clients to have concurrent infections with more than one STI. For chlamydia, the causative microorganism is a bacterium named Chlamydia trachomatis. For gonorrhea, the infection is caused by a bacterium named Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The spirochete Treponema pallidum is the causative microorganism of syphilis. The symptoms of these conditions are not identical. The causative microorganisms do not spread through the same medium.
The nurse is instructing a client on proper procedures to protect herself from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which statement, made by the client, requires correction from the nurse?
- A. If I use barrier protection, it will reduce my risk of exposure to STIs.
- B. You cannot always know everything about a person.
- C. I consider myself protected because I am on birth control pills.
- D. I refrain from sexual contact or use protection to keep myself safe.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse is most correct to clarify that although birth control pills are effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not prevent against exposure to STIs. The other statements have no inaccurate content as can be determined at this time.