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A group of students are reviewing information about mental health care after World War II. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify which of the following as a result of the National Mental Health Act?
- A. Discovery of psychopharmacology
- B. Passage of the Hill-Burton Act
- C. Establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health
- D. Development of community mental health centers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The National Mental Health Act of 1946 led to the establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), which funded research and training to improve mental health care, marking a significant post-World War II advancement.
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A nurse is preparing a presentation about the current status of mental health services in the United States. Which statement would the nurse include as the most reflective of this status?
- A. Mental health care in the United States is equally accessible to individuals.
- B. Mental illness ranks second in terms of causing disability in comparison.
- C. Mental health care primarily focuses on the cure of mental illness.
- D. Mental health care services are inadequate and fragmented.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mental health services in the U.S. are widely recognized as inadequate and fragmented, with disparities in access, insufficient funding, and gaps in service delivery, as noted in reports like the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003).
The following are important legislative and policy efforts influencing current mental health care. Which of the following is the most recent?
- A. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
- B. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
- C. Action for Mental Health
- D. Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) is the most recent, followed by *Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General* (1999), *Action for Mental Health* (1961), and the *Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act* (1963).
After teaching a class to a group of nursing students about the historical perspectives of mental health care, the instructor determines that the group has understood the information when they identify which of the following as a common belief about mental illness during the medieval period?
- A. Mental illness in an individual was the result of being possessed by demons.
- B. A person was removed from a contaminated environment to protect him or her.
- C. Exorcisms were used as primary mode of treatment to cleanse the person of his or her sins.
- D. The focus was on moral treatment to promote the individual?s safety and comfort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the medieval period, mental illness was commonly believed to result from demonic possession, with treatments often involving exorcisms or other religious interventions, reflecting the era?s spiritual understanding of mental disorders.
Two nursing students are discussing psychiatric-mental health nursing and the role it has played in nursing?s overall history. Which statement is most accurate?
- A. The importance of using therapeutic communication was stressed by Nightingale.
- B. The use of self-care to enhance the immune system was taught by Dorothea Dix.
- C. The moral treatment of mental illness was a primary focus of deinstitutionalization.
- D. Peplau was the first nurse to stress the importance of therapeutic communication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau, in her work Interpersonal Relations in Nursing (1952), was the first nurse to emphasize the importance of therapeutic communication, focusing on the nurse-patient relationship as a cornerstone of psychiatric nursing practice.
When providing care to a patient, the psychiatric-mental health nurse is implementing the therapeutic use of self. The nurse is applying the concepts based on the work of which individual?
- A. Hildegarde Peplau
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Dorothea Dix
- D. Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau?s work, particularly her book *Interpersonal Relations in Nursing* (1952), introduced the concept of the therapeutic use of self, emphasizing the nurse?s role in building therapeutic relationships with patients.