Nokea
A health care worker is exposed to blood from a patient who has HIV. What action should the worker take after the exposure?
- A. Apply alcohol to the site.
- B. Cleanse the site with soap and water.
- C. Flush the site with hot running water.
- D. Apply a topical antibiotic to the site.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cleanse the site with soap and water. This is because soap and water effectively clean and disinfect the wound, reducing the risk of infection. Alcohol may not be as effective in removing bloodborne pathogens like HIV. Flushing with hot water can cause tissue damage and is not recommended. Applying a topical antibiotic is not necessary for blood exposure and may not prevent HIV transmission. Proper cleansing with soap and water is crucial to minimize the risk of infection following exposure to bloodborne pathogens like HIV.
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Why are cardiovascular medications, such as beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists, used in patients with anxiety?
- A. Block manifestations: Tremors
- B. Palpitations
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Sweating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Block manifestations: Tremors. Beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists are used in patients with anxiety to block physical manifestations such as tremors. Beta blockers reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body, including tremors. Alpha-2 receptor agonists also help reduce physical symptoms by decreasing the release of norepinephrine. Palpitations (B), tachycardia (C), and sweating (D) are also physical symptoms of anxiety, but beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists primarily target tremors in this context.
Intervention with Andrew (from question 12) would include:
- A. Encouraging expression of feelings
- B. Antianxiety medications
- C. Participation in a support group
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a comprehensive intervention for Andrew should include all options. Encouraging expression of feelings helps him process emotions. Antianxiety medications can address his symptoms. Participation in a support group offers additional emotional support and coping strategies. Each option plays a crucial role in Andrew's holistic care, addressing his emotional, physical, and social needs. A combination of these interventions provides a well-rounded approach to support Andrew's mental health and well-being.
Which type of intervention is not usually useful for Level 4 families?
- A. Object relations family interventions
- B. Family sculpting
- C. Case management
- D. Genograms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Level 4 families focus on abstract, philosophical concerns, so case management, which addresses concrete needs, is less relevant compared to insight-oriented interventions.
What type of antidepressant increases the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine by inhibiting enzymes that metabolize serotonin and norepinephrine?
- A. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- B. Explosive occipital headache
- C. Polyuria
- D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). MAOIs work by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for breaking down serotonin and norepinephrine. By inhibiting this enzyme, MAOIs increase the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, leading to improved mood.
Incorrect choices:
B: Explosive occipital headache - This choice is irrelevant to the question and does not relate to antidepressants or neurotransmitter availability.
C: Polyuria - This choice is a symptom related to excessive urination and does not pertain to antidepressants or neurotransmitter metabolism.
D: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - While SSRIs also increase serotonin levels, they do so by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, not by inhibiting enzymes that metabolize serotonin and norepinephrine.
Frobel's educational philosophy was based on
- A. Culture
- B. Religion
- C. Values
- D. Beliefs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Froebel's philosophy centered on values like unity and natural growth.