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A long-term care facility is the site of an outbreak of infectious diarrhea. The nurse educator has emphasized the importance of hand hygiene to staff members. The use of alcohol-based cleansers may be ineffective if the causative microorganism is identified as what?
- A. Shigella
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Clostridium difficile
- D. Norovirus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. difficile spores resist alcohol-based cleansers, requiring soap and water handwashing. Shigella, E. coli, and Norovirus are susceptible to alcohol-based products.
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A patient has presented at the ED with copious diarrhea and accompanying signs of dehydration. During the patients health history, the nurse learns that the patient recently ate oysters from the Gulf of Mexico. The nurse should recognize the need to have the patients stool cultured for microorganisms associated with what disease?
- A. Ebola
- B. West Nile virus
- C. Legionnaires disease
- D. Cholera
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholera is associated with shellfish consumption from the Gulf of Mexico, causing watery diarrhea. Ebola, West Nile, and Legionnaires have different transmission modes.
The nurse educator is discussing emerging diseases with a group of nurses. The educator should cite what causes of emerging diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Progressive weakening of human immune systems
- B. Use of extended-spectrum antibiotics
- C. Population movements
- D. Increased global travel
- E. Globalization of food supplies
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Emerging diseases are driven by antibiotic resistance, population movements, global travel, and food globalization. Generalized immune weakening is not a primary cause.
The nurse is providing care for an older adult patient who has developed signs and symptoms of Calicivirus (Norovirus). What assessment should the nurse prioritize when planning this patients care?
- A. Respiratory status
- B. Pain
- C. Fluid intake and output
- D. Deep tendon reflexes and neurological status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Norovirus causes vomiting and diarrhea, risking fluid volume deficit, so fluid balance assessment is critical. Other assessments are less urgent.
A 16-year-old male patient comes to the free clinic and is subsequently diagnosed with primary syphilis. What health problem most likely prompted the patient to seek care?
- A. The emergence of a chancre on his penis
- B. Painful urination
- C. Signs of a systemic infection
- D. Unilateral testicular swelling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary syphilis presents with a painless chancre at the infection site. Painful urination, systemic symptoms, or testicular swelling are not typical.
A nursing home patient has been diagnosed with Clostridium difficile. What type of precautions should the nurse implement to prevent the spread of this infectious disease to other residents?
- A. Contact
- B. Droplet
- C. Airborne
- D. Positive pressure isolation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clostridium difficile spreads via skin-to-skin contact or contaminated surfaces, requiring contact precautions. Droplet and airborne precautions are for respiratory pathogens, and positive pressure isolation is not applicable.