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A male client, living in an underdeveloped country, is diagnosed with chlamydia, acquired through an ophthalmic infection by autoinoculation. Which of the following are the symptoms experienced by the client?
- A. Testicular pain
- B. Anal infection
- C. Granulation of the cornea and blindness
- D. Sore throat with an infected pharynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlamydial eye infections can lead to serious complications like granulation and blindness if untreated.
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Mrs. Smith has been doing the arm and hand exercises you showed her until this morning when her husband told her he thought it was too dangerous. The most appropriate nursing action would be to
- A. refer Mr. Smith to the physician
- B. explain the importance of postmastectomy exercises and let him assist Mrs. Smith
- C. ask Mrs. Smith to exercise before and after her husband's visits
- D. take Mr. Smith to the physical therapy department to observe some patients with severe contractures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Educating the husband and allowing him to assist ensures continued compliance with necessary exercises.
The depression or socket in the pelvic bone into which the head of the femur articulates is called
- A. Glenoid fossa
- B. Mandibular fossa
- C. Jugular fossa
- D. Acetabulum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acetabulum. The acetabulum is the depression in the pelvic bone where the head of the femur articulates. This articulation forms the hip joint. The glenoid fossa (A) is found in the scapula and articulates with the head of the humerus, not the femur. The mandibular fossa (B) is located in the temporal bone and articulates with the mandible, not the femur. The jugular fossa (C) is a groove in the temporal bone for the internal jugular vein, not related to the femur articulation. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it accurately describes the anatomical structure where the femur articulates with the pelvic bone.
In the circulatory system of a fetus, which of the following is greater before birth than after birth?
- A. Arterial Po2
- B. Right atrial pressure
- C. Aortic pressure
- D. Left ventricular pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Right atrial pressure. Before birth, the fetal circulatory system has a shunt called the foramen ovale that allows blood to bypass the lungs, resulting in higher pressure in the right atrium. After birth, when the foramen ovale closes, the right atrial pressure decreases.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Arterial Po2 - Typically, arterial Po2 is lower in the fetus due to the placenta's oxygenation, but it increases after birth.
C: Aortic pressure - Aortic pressure remains relatively stable before and after birth.
D: Left ventricular pressure - Left ventricular pressure increases after birth due to the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
Which hormone is produced throughout a menstrual cycle?
- A. FSH
- B. estrogen
- C. LH
- D. progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: estrogen. Estrogen is produced throughout the menstrual cycle by the ovaries. It plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle, promoting the growth of the uterine lining, and preparing the body for ovulation. FSH and LH are involved in stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone, respectively. Progesterone is mainly produced in the second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation, to support pregnancy. Therefore, estrogen is the hormone that is produced consistently throughout the menstrual cycle, making it the correct answer.
During oogenesis, an oogonium ovarian and uterine (menstrual) directly gives rise to ________. cycles?
- A. an ovum
- B. 7 days
- C. a primary oocyte
- D. 14 days
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 14 days. During oogenesis, the process of ovulation occurs approximately 14 days prior to the start of the next menstrual cycle. This is crucial for timing fertilization and pregnancy. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: an ovum is the mature egg released during ovulation, not directly related to the menstrual cycle.
B: 7 days is not a relevant timeframe in the context of oogenesis and menstrual cycles.
C: a primary oocyte is the initial stage of egg development and needs further maturation before ovulation, not directly linked to the menstrual cycle timing.